Abstract
A region in ventral human cortex (fusiform face area, FFA) thought to be important for face perception responds strongly to faces and less strongly to nonface objects. This pattern of response may reflect a uniform face-selective neural population or activity averaged across populations with heterogeneous selectivity. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found that the FFA has a reliable heterogeneous structure: localized subregions within the FFA highly selective to faces are spatially interdigitated with localized subregions highly selective to different object categories. We found a preponderance of face-selective responses in the FFA, but no difference in selectivity to faces compared to nonfaces. Thus, standard fMRI of the FFA reflects averaging of heterogeneous highly selective neural populations of differing sizes, rather than higher selectivity to faces. These results suggest that visual processing in this region is not exclusive to faces. Overall, our approach provides a framework for understanding the fine-scale structure of neural representations in the human brain.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank B. Wandell, Y. Spector, N. Kanwisher and C. Baker for fruitful discussions; G. Golarai, D. Remus and D. Yoon for their comments on the manuscript; B. Dougherty for his help in developing software to project ROIs across gray layers; and J. Vinberg for his help in scanning subjects. This research was funded by grants from the National Eye Institute (1 R21EY016199-0) and the Whitehall Foundation (2005-05-111-RES) to K.G.-S. R.S. was supported by the National Eye Institute (5 F31 EY015937).
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K.G.-S. contributed to all aspects of this experiment: design, data collection, development of data analysis methods, code development, and data analyses. R.S. contributed to the design, data collection, code and data analysis development, and data analyses. D.R. developed the surface coil used in these experiments and implemented and developed the HR-fMRI protocols used in these experiments. All authors contributed to understanding the implications of our results and to preparing the manuscript.
Note: Supplementary information is available on the Nature Neuroscience website.
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Supplementary information
Supplementary Fig. 1
Examples of stimuli used in the experiment. (PDF 339 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Reliability of HR-fMRI. (PDF 396 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
Individual subject selectivity maps on inplane slices. (PDF 378 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 4
Individual subject category selective subregions on the inflated cortical surface. (PDF 236 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 5
Decoding distributed FFA activation patterns (PDF 825 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 6
HR-FFA responses to whole and scrambled images versus fixation. (PDF 675 kb)
Supplementary Table 1
Reliability Analyses of HR-fMRI. (PDF 60 kb)
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Grill-Spector, K., Sayres, R. & Ress, D. High-resolution imaging reveals highly selective nonface clusters in the fusiform face area. Nat Neurosci 9, 1177–1185 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1745
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1745
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