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Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice

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Abstract

The response of a microscopic dielectric object to an applied light field can profoundly affect its kinetic motion1. A classic example of this is an optical trap, which can hold a particle in a tightly focused light beam2. Optical fields can also be used to arrange, guide or deflect particles in appropriate light-field geometries3,4. Here we demonstrate an optical sorter for microscopic particles that exploits the interaction of particles—biological or otherwise—with an extended, interlinked, dynamically reconfigurable, three-dimensional optical lattice. The strength of this interaction with the lattice sites depends on the optical polarizability of the particles, giving tunable selection criteria. We demonstrate both sorting by size (of protein microcapsule drug delivery agents) and sorting by refractive index (of other colloidal particle streams). The sorting efficiency of this method approaches 100%, with values of 96% or more observed even for concentrated solutions with throughputs exceeding those reported for fluorescence-activated cell sorting5. This powerful, non-invasive technique is suited to sorting and fractionation within integrated (‘lab-on-a-chip’) microfluidic systems, and can be applied in colloidal, molecular and biological research.

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Figure 1: The concept of optical fractionation.
Figure 2: Separation by index of refraction.
Figure 3: Typical efficiencies.
Figure 4: Optical fractionation by size.

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Acknowledgements

We thank P. Campbell for supplying protein microcapsules, and A. Riches for blood samples. This work was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the Research Corporation, and the National Science Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK

    M. P. MacDonald, G. C. Spalding & K. Dholakia

  2. Department of Physics, Illinois Wesleyan University, Illinois, 61702, Bloomington, USA

    G. C. Spalding

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  1. M. P. MacDonald
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  2. G. C. Spalding
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  3. K. Dholakia
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Correspondence to M. P. MacDonald.

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

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MacDonald, M., Spalding, G. & Dholakia, K. Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice. Nature 426, 421–424 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02144

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