Abstract
BIOLOGICAL diversity, population size and body size are interde-pendent1–8, but there is little consensus on the nature or causes of these relations. Here we analyse the most thoroughly sampled ecological community to date, a grassland insect community sample containing 89,596 individuals of 1,167 species. Each taxonomic order had a distinct body size at which both species richness and number of individuals were highest, but these peak sizes varied more than 100-fold among five major orders. These results suggest that there may be fewer undiscovered small insect species than previously thought. Moreover, we found a sur-prisingly strong, simple, but unreported, relation between species richness (S) and the number of individuals (I) within size classes, S = I0.5. Because this held across numerous body types and a 100,000-fold body-size range, there may be a general rule that is independent of body size for the relations among interspecific resource division, abundance and diversity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bassett, Y. & Kitching, R. L. Ecol. Ent. 16, 391–402 (1991).
Blackburn, T. & Gaston, K. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9, 471–474 (1994).
Brown, J. H. Macroecology (Univ. Chicago Press, 1995).
Hutchinson, G. E. Am. Nat. 93, 145–159 (1959).
Lawton, J. H. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B330, 283–291 (1990).
May, R. M. Ecology 67, 1115–1126 (1986).
May, R. M. Science 241, 1441–1449 (1988).
Morse, D. R., Stork, N. E. & Lawton, J. H. Ecol. Ent. 13, 25–37 (1988).
MacArthur, R. H. & Wilson, E. O. The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton Univ. Press, NJ, 1967).
Peters, R. H. The Ecological Implications of Body Size (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983).
Pimm, S., Jones, H. L. & Diamond, J. Am. Nat. 132, 757–785 (1988).
Tilman, D. & Pacala, S. in Species Diversity in Ecological Communities (eds Ricklefs, R. & Schluter, D.) 13–25 (Univ. Chicago Press, 1993).
Cousins, S. Nature 340, 350–351 (1989).
Preston, F. W. Ecology 43, 185–215, 410–432 (1962).
MacArthur, R. H. Am. Nat. 94, 25–36 (1960).
May, R. M. in Ecology and Evolution of Communities (eds Cody, M. L. & Diamond, J. M.) 81–120 (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1975).
Lawton, J. H. in Insects and the Plant Surface (eds Juniper, B. E. & Southwood, T. R. E.) 317–331 (Edward Arnold, London, 1986).
Colwell, R. K. & Coddington, J. A. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B345, 101–118 (1994).
Fisher, R. A., Corbet, A. S. & Williams, C. B. J. Anim. Ecol. 12, 42–58 (1943).
Erwin, T. L. & Scott, J. C. Coleopt. Bull. 34, 305–322 (1980).
Cotgreave, P. & Harvey, P. H. J. Anim. Ecol. 63, 365–374 (1994).
Janzen, D. H. Ecology 54, 659–686 (1973).
Janzen, D. H. & Schoener, T. W. Ecology 49, 96–110 (1968).
Strayer, D. Oecologia 69, 513–516 (1986).
Dial, K. P. & Marzluff, J. M. Ecology 69, 1620–1624 (1988).
Brown, J. H., Marquet, P. A. & Taper, M. L. Am. Nat. 142, 573–584 (1993).
Gaston, K. J. & Lawton, J. H. Am. Nat. 132, 662–680 (1988).
Fenchel, T. Oikos 68, 375–378 (1993).
Evans, E. W., Rogers, R. A. & Opfermann, D. J. Env. Ent. 12, 1449–1454 (1983).
Turnbull, A. L. & Nicholls, C. F. J. econ. Ent. 59, 1100–1104 (1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Siemann, E., Tilman, D. & Haarstad, J. Insect species diversity, abundance and body size relationships. Nature 380, 704–706 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/380704a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/380704a0
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
Food webs for three burn severities after wildfire in the Eldorado National Forest, California
Scientific Data (2022)
-
Local Climate Conditions Shape the Seasonal Patterns of the Diptera Community in a Tropical Rainforest of the Americas
Neotropical Entomology (2022)
-
The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming
Journal of Ecology and Environment (2021)
-
Assessing how body size affects the species-time relationship in a shallow marine benthic megafauna community exposed to a strong hypoxia disturbance
Marine Biology (2020)
-
Body Size and Its Relation to the Foraging Schedules of Social Wasps
Neotropical Entomology (2020)