Abscisic acid and guard cells of Commelina communis L.

Abstract

THE plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is thought to be involved in the regulation of transpiration through its effects on stomatal aperture¹. Application of synthetic ABA causes stomatal closure in whole plants², shoots³ and leaf epidermal strips⁴. During water stress, levels of the hormone increase in plant tissues⁵, including the leaf epidermis⁶, and this is usually associated with stomatal closure⁷. There is evidence that ABA affects the ionic^8,9 and metabolic⁹ status of the stomatal complex and it has been concluded that ABA acts directly on guard cells in effecting stomatal closure^8,10,11. There is, however, little information about the distribution of ABA in specific cells of the epidermis or about the sensitivity of the stomatal complex to ABA. We present here evidence that ABA can accumulate in the stomatal complex of Commelina communis L., a species used extensively in studies of stomatal physiology¹². The leaves of this plant yield relatively uncontaminated epidermal strips¹³ and this property has made it possible to calculate the apparent sensitivity of the stomatal complex to ABA. The evidence is based on experiments involving the uptake, distribution and metabolism of exogenous 2-¹⁴C-ABA.