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Chemomechanical Properties of Antiwear Films Using X-ray Absorption Microscopy and Nanoindentation Techniques

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Abstract

The first chemomechanical comparison between an antiwear film formed from a solution containing zinc dialkyl-dithiophophates (ZDDPs) to a solution containing ZDDP plus a detergent (ZDDPdet) has been performed. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis has shown a difference in the type of polyphosphate between each film. The ZDDPdet film has been found to contain short-chain polyphosphates throughout. X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (X-PEEM) has provided detailed spatially resolved microchemistry of the films. The large pads in the ZDDP antiwear film have long-chain polyphosphates at the surface and shorter-chain polyphosphates are found in the lower lying regions. The spatially resolved chemistry of the ZDDPdet film was found to be short-chain calcium phosphate throughout. Fiducial marks allowed for the re-location of the same areas with an imaging nanoindenter. This allowed the nanoscale mechanical properties, of selected antiwear pads, to be measured on the same length scale. The indentation modulus of the ZDDP antiwear pads were found to be heterogeneous, ~120 GPa at the center and ~90 GPa at the edges. The ZDDPdet antiwear pads were found to be more uniform and have a similar indentation modulus of ~90 GPa. A theory explaining this measured difference, which is based on the probing depths of all techniques used, sheds new insight into the structure and mechanical response of ZDDP antiwear films.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 2B7

    Mark A. Nicholls, G. Michael Bancroft, Peter R. Norton & Masoud Kasrai

  2. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706-1390, USA

    Gelsomina De Stasio & Bradley H. Frazer

  3. Syncrotron Radiation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Stoughton, WI, 53589, USA

    Lisa M. Wiese

Authors
  1. Mark A. Nicholls
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  2. G. Michael Bancroft
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  3. Peter R. Norton
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  4. Masoud Kasrai
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  5. Gelsomina De Stasio
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  6. Bradley H. Frazer
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  7. Lisa M. Wiese
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Correspondence to Peter R. Norton.

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Nicholls, M.A., Bancroft, G.M., Norton, P.R. et al. Chemomechanical Properties of Antiwear Films Using X-ray Absorption Microscopy and Nanoindentation Techniques. Tribology Letters 17, 245–259 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TRIL.0000032451.97552.3d

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:TRIL.0000032451.97552.3d

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