Abstract
The nonlinear dynamical response of a two-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic airfoil motion with cubic restoring forces is investigated. A secondary bifurcation after the primary Hopf (flutter) bifurcation is detected for a cubic hard spring in the pitch degree-of-freedom. Furthermore, there is a hysteresis in the secondary bifurcation: starting from different initial conditions the motion may jump from one limit cycle to another at different fluid flow velocities. A high-order harmonic balance method is employed to investigate the possible bifurcation branches. Furthermore, a numerical time simulation procedure is used to confirm the stable and unstable bifurcation branches.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Woolston, D. S., Runyan, H. L., and Byrdsong, T. A., 'Some effects of system nonlinearities in the problem of aircraft flutter', NACA TN 3539, 1955.
Lee, B. H. K. and LeBlanc, P., 'Flutter analysis of a two-dimensional airfoil with cubic nonlinear restoring force', National Research Council of Canada, Aeronautical Note, NAE-AN-36 NRC No. 25438, 1986.
Houbolt, J. C., 'A recurrence matrix solution for the dynamic response of elastic aircraft', Journal of Aeronautical Sciences 17, 1950, 540–550.
O'Neil, T., Gilliatt, H., and Strganac, T., 'Investigation of aeroelastic response for a system with continuous structural nonlinearities', AIAA Paper 96-1390, 1996.
Price, S. J., Alighanbari, H., and Lee, B. H. K., 'The aeroelastic response of a two-dimensional airfoil with bilinear and cubic structural nonlinearities', Journal of Fluids and Structures 9, 1995, 175–193.
Krylov, N. and Bogoliubov, N., Introduction to Nonlinear Mechanics, translation by Solomon Lifschitz, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1947.
Zhao, L. C. and Yang, Z. C., 'Chaotic motions of an airfoil with nonlinear stiffness in incompressible flow', Journal of Sound and Vibration 138, 1990, 245–254.
Lee, B. H. K., Gong L., and Wong, Y. S., 'Analysis and computation of nonlinear dynamic response of a two-degree-offreedom system and its application in aeroelasticity', Journal of Fluids and Structures 11, 1997, 225–246.
Lee, B. H. K., Jiang, L. Y., and Wong, Y. S., 'Flutter of an airfoil with a cubic nonlinear restoring force', Journal of Fluids and Structures 13, 1999, 75–101.
Liu, L., Wong, Y. S., and Lee, B. H. K., 'Application of the center manifold theory in nonlinear aeroelasticity', Journal of Sound and Vibration 234, 2000, 641–659.
Lee, B. H. K., Liu, L., and Chung, K. W., 'Airfoil motion in subsonic flow with strong cubic nonlinear restoring forces', Journal of Sound and Vibration (in press).
Popov, E. P., 'On the use of the harmonic linearication method in automatic control theory', NACA TM 1406, 1957.
Fung, Y. C., An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, Dover, New York, 1969.
Jones, R. T., 'The unsteady lift of a wing of finite aspect ratio', NACA Report 681, 1940.
Rand, R. H. and Holmes, P. J., 'Bifurcation of periodic motions in two weakly coupled van der Pol oscillators', International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 15, 1980, 387–399.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, L., Dowell, E.H. The Secondary Bifurcation of an Aeroelastic Airfoil Motion: Effect of High Harmonics. Nonlinear Dynamics 37, 31–49 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NODY.0000040033.85421.4d
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NODY.0000040033.85421.4d