Abstract
A study on PTFE reinforced with SiO2 was described. It included the manufacturing process of SiO2-reinforced PTFE and the effects of the SiO2 content and size on the properties of the composite material, such as thermal, dielectric, tensile strength and morphology, etc. PTFE/SiO2 composites loaded with two sizes (5 µm or 25 µm SiO2) of filler contents varied from 0–60 wt% were mixed by a high-speed dispersion mixer and made via a two-roll milling machine. Our results showed that the composite filled with 25 µm SiO2 at 60 wt% filler content had the highest modulus, lowest CTE z and acceptable dielectric properties. Composites with different sizes of filler showed a similar trend of decreasing tensile strength and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE z ), and increasing tensile modulus, water absorption and dielectric properties as the filler content increased. Furthermore, the composites filled with small-size filler showed higher water absorption and dielectric loss properties due to the presence of higher SiO2 surface area. Poor adhesion between filler and matrix is a primary cause of low tensile properties and lack of increase in thermal stability. Such phenomenon was also confirmed by fracture surface analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental data were compared with theoretical models from the literatures, which are used to predict the properties of two component mixtures. The results revealed that experimental values of dielectric constant and CTE z agreed with the theoretical calculated values. It was also found that the modified Nicolais-Narkis equation provided a good estimation for the tensile strength of composite.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. J. Arthur and G. S. Swei, U.S. Patent 5,149,590 (1992).
D. J. Arthur, J. C. Mosko, C. S. Jackson and G. R. Traut, U.S. Patent 4,849,284 (1989).
D. J. Arthur and A. F. Horn, III, U.S. Patent 5,061,548 (1991).
D. J. Arthur and G. S. Swei, U.S. Patent 5,024,871 (1991).
D. J. Arthur, G. S. Swei, A. F. Horn, III and B. Kilhenny, U.S. Patent 5,281,466 (1994).
D. J. Arthur, G. S. Swei and A. F. Horn, III, U.S. Patent 5,194,326 (1993).
J. T. Fields and Andrew Garton, Polymer Composites, 17, 242 (1996).
M. S. Boaira and C. E. Chaffey, Polym. Eng. Sci., 17, 715 (1977).
C. D. Hans, T. Van Den Weghe, P. Shete and J. R. Haw, Polym. Eng. Sci., 21, 196 (1981).
D. J. Arthur, G. S. Swei and P. X. Nguyen, U.S. Patent 5,354,611 (1994).
Y. Nakamura, M. Yamaguchi, K. Iko, M. Okubo and T. Matsumoto, Polymer, 31, 2006 (1990).
Y. Nakamura, M. Yamaguchi, M. Okubo and T. Matsumoto, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 45, 1281 (1992).
A. T. DiBenedetto, Mater. Sci. and Engin., A302, 74 (2001).
C. P. Wong and R. S. Bollampally, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 3396 (1999).
Y. C. Chen, H. C. Lin and Y. D. Lee, (Accepted by J. Polym. Res., 2003).
L. L. Beecroft, N. A. Johnen and C. K. Ober, Polym. for Adv. Tech., 8, 289 (1997).
J. Scheirs, Modern Fluoropolymers: High Performance Polymers for Diverse Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1997, p. 54.
S. Ebnesajjad, Non-melt Processible Fluoroplastics: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook, Plastics Design Library, 2000, p. 15.
M. Endo, K. Yamada, K. Tadano, Y. Nishino and S. Yano, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 21, 396 (2000).
J. W. Cho and K. I. Sul, Polymer, 42, 727 (2001).
X.-Q. Wang, D. R. Chen, J. C. Han and S. Y. Du, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 83, 990 (2000).
L. Ferry, G. Vigier, R. Alexander-Katz and C. Garapon, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 36, 2057 (1998).
J. Z. Liang, R. K. Y. Li and S. C. Tjong, Polymer Testing, 16, 529 (1997).
H. D. Rozman, B. K. Kon, A. Abusamah, R. N. Kumar and Z. A. M. Ishak, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 69, 1993 (1998).
H. H. Kausch and P. Béguelin, Macromol. Symp., 169, 79 (2001).
L. E. Nielsen, Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, 2, Marcel Dekker, NY, 1974.
J. A. Manson and L. H. Sperling, Polymer Blends and Composites, Plenum Press, NY, 1976.
D. M. Bigg, Polymer Composites, 8(2), 115 (1987).
A. Einstein, Ann. der Phys., 19, 289 (1906).
S. Ahzi, D. M. Pareks and A. S. AMD Argon, ASME, 203, 31 (1995).
F. Stricker, M. Bruch and R. Mülhaupt, Polymer, 38(21), 5347 (1997).
A. C. Moloney, H. H. Kausch, T. Kaser and H. R. Beer, J. Mater. Sci., 22, 381 (1987).
M. Takayanagi, S. Uemura and S. Minami, J. Polym. Sci., 5c, 113 (1994).
S. Ahmed and F. R. Jones, J. Mater. Sci., 15, 4933 (1990).
J. Z. Liang, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 287(9), 588 (2002).
G. Landon, G. Lewis and G. F. Boden, J. Mater. Sci., 12, 1605 (1977).
A. Wambach, K. L. Trachte and A. T. Dibenedetto, J. Copmos. Mater., 2, 266 (1968).
D. M. Bigg, Polymer Eng. Sci., 16, 1188 (1979).
L. Nicolais and M. Narkis, Polymer Eng. Sci., 11, 469 (1971).
J. Leidner and R. T. Woodhams, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 18, 1639 (1974).
L. Nicolais and M. Narkis, Polymer Eng. Sci., 11, 194 (1971).
J. Z. Liang and R. K. Y. Li, Polymer Composites, 19, 698 (1998).
J. Z. Liang and R. K. Y. Li, Polymer Int., 49, 170 (2000).
S. Lu, L. Yan, X. Zhu and Z. Qi, J. Mater. Sci., 27, 4633 (1992).
K. Pathmanathan, J. Y. Cavaille and G. P. Johari, Polymer, 29, 311 (1988).
S. Radhakrishnan and D. R. Saini, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52, 1577 (1994).
A. Gustafsson, R. Salot and U. W. Gedde, Polymer Composites, 14, 5421 (1993).
X.-Q. Wang, J. C. Han, S. Y. Du and D. F. Wang, J. Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 17(17), 1496 (1998).
R. L. Smith Jr., S. B. Lee, H. Komori and K. Arai, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 144, 315 (1998).
S. George, K. T. Varughese and S. Thomas, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 73, 255 (1999).
S. Kang, S. I. Hong, C. R. Choe, M. Park, S. Rim and J. Kim, Polymer, 42, 879 (2001).
D. J. Arthur, K. W. Kristal and G. S. Swei, U.S. Patent 5,077,115 (1993).
B. Paul, Prediction of elastic constants of multiphase materials, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 36 (1960).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, YC., Lin, HC. & Lee, YD. The Effects of Filler Content and Size on the Properties of PTFE/SiO2 Composites. Journal of Polymer Research 10, 247–258 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JPOL.0000004620.71900.16
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JPOL.0000004620.71900.16