Abstract
Dense nanocrystalline ZrO2-3 wt% Y2O3 ceramics with grain sizes ranging between 23 to 130 nm were tested by ultrasonic pulse echo and Vickers hardness. The elastic modulus and hardness results were corrected for the residual porosity and the phase content. The corrected elastic moduli exhibited continuous decrease with decrease in the grain size. In contrast, no correlation was found between the corrected hardness and grain size. The percolative composite model was used to describe the changes in the elastic moduli in terms of percolation of the elastic wave through the intercrystalline phase at the percolation threshold. The absence of correlation with the hardness results was explained due to the other energy absorbing mechanisms such as microcracking beneath the indenter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. G. Nieh, J. Wadsworth and F. Wakai, Inter. Mater. Rev. 36 (1991) 146.
F. Wakai and T. Nagano, J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 241.
G. B. Prabhu and D. L. Bourell, Scr. Metall. Mater. 33 (1995) 761.
T. G. Langdon, Acta Metall. Mater. 42 (1994) 2437.
R. Chaim and M. Hefetz, J. Mater. Res. 13 (1998) 1875.
R. M. Spriggs, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 45 (1962) 454.
A. J. A. Winnubst, K. Keizer and A. J. Burggraaf, J. Mater. Sci. 18 (1983) 1958.
C. F. Smith and W. B. Crandall, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 47 (1964) 624.
N. G. Pace, G. A. Saunders, Z. Sumengen and J. S. Thorp, J. Mater. Sci. 4 (1969) 1106.
I. L. Chistyi, I. L. Fabelinskii, V. F. Kitaeva, V. V. Osiko, Yu. V. Pisarevskii, I. Sil'Vestrova and N. N. Sobolev, J. Raman Spect. 6 (1977) 183.
R. P. Ingel, R. W. Rice and D. Lewis, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 65 (1982) C-108.
H. M. Kandil, J. D. Greiner and J. F. Smith, ibid. 71 (1988) 265.
R. P. Ingel and D. Lewis III, ibid. 71 (1988) 265.
M. V. Nevitt, S.-K. Chan, J. Z. Liu, M. H. Grimsditch and Y. Fang, Physica B 150 (1988) 230.
S.-K. Chan, Y. Fang, M. Grimsditch, Z. Li, M. V. Nevitt, W. M. Robertson and E. S. Zouboulis, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 74 (1991) 1742.
R. P. Ingel and D. Lewis III, ibid. 69 (1986) 325.
R. Hill, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. A 65 (1952) 439.
Z. Hashin and S. Shtrikman, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 11 (1963) 123.
R. F. S. Hearman, “An Introduction to Applied Anisotropic Elasticity” (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1961) p. 27.
R. W. Rice, Treatise Mater. Sci. Tech. 2 (1977) 199.
Idem., Mater. Sci. Eng. A 73 (1985) 215.
S. W. Lee, S. M. Hsu and M. C. Shen, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 76 (1993) 1937.
R. W. Rice, C. Cm. Wu and F. Borchelt, ibid. 77 (1994) 2539.
R. C. First and A. H. Heuer, ibid. 75 (1992) 2302.
R. Chaim, in “Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials with Ultra-fine Microstructures,” edited by M. Nastasi, D. M. Parkin and H. Gleiter (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1993) p. 547.
T. Sakuma and M. Shimada, J. Mater. Sci. 20 (1985) 1178.
M. Waller, J. Diehl and H.-E. Schaefer, Phil. Mag. A 63 (1991) 527.
C. Suryanarayana, D. Mukhhopadhyay, S. N. Patanker and F. H. Froes, J. Mater. Res. 7 (1992) 2114.
N. P. Kobelev, Ya. M. Soifer, R. A. Andrievski and B. Gunther, Nanostr. Mater. 2 (1993) 537.
J. Lian, B. Baudelet and A. A. Nazarov, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 172 (1993) 23.
X. Y. Qin, X. R. Zhang, G. S. Cheng and L. D. Zhang, Nanostr. Mater. 10 (1998) 661.
S. Sakai, H. Tanimoto and H. Mizubayashi, Acta Mater. 47 (1999) 211.
H. S. Cao, R. Bonnet, J. J. Hunsinger and O. Elkedim, Scripta Mater. 48 (2003) 531.
C.-W. Nan, X. Li, K. Cai and J. Tong, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 17 (1998) 1917.
J. Wang, M. Rainforth and R. Stevens, Br. Ceram. Trans. J. 88 (1989) 1.
K. Lu, H. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhong and H. J. Fecht, J. Mater. Res. 12 (1997) 923.
A. Barvo-Leon, Y. Morikawa, M. Kawahara and M. J. Mayo, Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 4555.
D. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 190 (1995) 193.
J. Wang, D. Wolf, S. R. Philpot and H. Gleiter, Phil. Mag. A 73 (1996) 517.
P. Heino and E. Ristolaninen, ibid. 81 (2001) 957.
T. D. Shen, C. C. Koch, T. Y. Tsui and G. M. Pharr, J. Mater. Res. 10 (1995) 2892.
M. B. Bush, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 161 (1993) 127.
R. Chaim, J. Mater. Res. 12 (1997) 1828.
D. Deptuck, J. P. Harrison and P. Zawadzki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 913.
R. Chaim, Unpublished work.
B. A. Cottom and M. J. Mayo, Scr. Mater. 34 (1996) 809.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaim, R., Hefetz, M. Effect of grain size on elastic modulus and hardness of nanocrystalline ZrO2-3 wt% Y2O3 ceramic. Journal of Materials Science 39, 3057–3061 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025832.93840.b0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025832.93840.b0