Abstract
Molecular and morphological variation of six perennial and five annual species including domesticated chickpea, C. arietinum, were inferred on the basis of RAPD and S.E.M. seed coat features using three outgroup taxa (Lens ervoides, Lathyrus japonica and Pisum sativum). Of the 66 decamer arbitrary primers tested, eight primers revealed 87 informative fragments. Neighbor-joining cluster analysis using Jaccard's coefficient of similarity on the basis of polymorphic fragments indicated a narrow variation in C. arietinum and recognized two major clusters in the genus Cicer. The first one included four species of sect. Monocicer: C. echinospermum, C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and Iranian material of C. bijugum. The second cluster contained annual and perennial species belonging to sections Chamaecicer, Polycicer and Acanthocicer. The character state of morphological and ecological traits on the RAPD phenogram indicated no monophyletic incision. Our results suggested that the high genetic difference between annual and perennial species might be regarded as a rapid speciation of section Monocicer. Reconsideration of traditional classification of sections Polycicer and Acanthocicer is necessary. The ‘Desi’ and ‘Kabuli’ types of C. arietinum could not be separately grouped at the DNA level, and the low level of genetic variation of C. arietinum may result from a bottleneck during the domestication process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abo-elwafa A., Murai K. and Shimada T. 1995. Intra-and interspecific variations in Lens revealed by RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 335–340.
Ahmad F. 1999. Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis reveals genetic relationships among the annual Cicer species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98: 657–663.
Ahmad F. and Slinkard A.E. 1992. Genetic relationships in the genus Cicer L. as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis of seed storage proteins. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 688–692.
Banerjee H., Pal R.A. and Sharma R.P. 1999. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplified poly-morphic DNA analysis of chickpea accessions. Biologia Plantarum 42(2): 197–208.
Barthlott W. 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic J. Bot. 1: 345–355.
Choumane W., Winter P., Weigned F. and Kahl G. 2000. Conservation and variability of sequence-tagged microsatel-lite sites (STMSs) from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) within the genus Cicer. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101: 269–276.
Croft A.M., Pang E.C.K. and Taylor P.W.J. 1999. Molecular analysis of Lathyrus sativus L. (grasspea) and related Lathyrus species. Euphytica 107: 167–176.
De Leonardis W., Fichera G. and Zizza A. 1996. Pollen and seed morphology of C. arietinum L. cultivars and relationships with C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis. Plant Genet. Resour. Newslett. 105: 29–36.
Doyle J.J. and Doyle J.L. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation proce-dure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem. Bull. 19: 11–15.
Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791.
Grime J.P. 1979. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley, Chicester, 222 pp.
Iruela M., Rubio J., Cubero J.I., Gil J. and Millan T. 2002. Phylogenetic analyses in the genus Cicer and cultivated chick-pea using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104: 643–651.
Jodha N.S. and Subba Rao K.V. 1987. Chickpea: World impor-tance and distribution. In: Saxena M.C. and Singh K.B. (eds), The Chickpea. CAB Int. Pb., UK, pp. 1–10.
Kabir G. and Singh R.M. 1988. Seed protein electrophoresis in six species and two F1 s ofCicer. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 98: 183–189.
Kafkas S. and Perl-Treves R. 2001. Morphological and molecu-lar phylogeny of Pistacia species in Turkey. Theor. Appl. Genet. 102: 908–915.
Kasahara Y. 1976. The Surface Structure of the Seeds and Fruits of Weeds in Japan Observed with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Yokendo. Ltd., Tokyo.
Kazan K. and Muehlbauer F.J. 1991. Allozyme variation and phylogeny in annual species of Cicer (Leguminosae). Plant Syst. Evol. 175: 11–21.
Kumar S., Tamura K., Jakobsen I.B. and Nei M. 2001. MEGA 2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Software. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Kupicha F.K. 1977. The delimitation of the tribe Vicieae (Leguminosae), and the relationships of Cicer L. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 74: 131–162.
Ladizinsky G. and Adler A. 1975. The origin of chickpea as indicated by seed protein electrophoresis. Israel J. Bot. 24: 183–189.
Ladizinsky G. and Adler A. 1976. Genetic relationships among the annual species of Cicer L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 48: 197–203.
Lersten N.R. and Gunn C.R. 1981. Seed morphology and testa topography in Cicer (Fabaceae: Faboideae). Systematic Botany 6(3): 223–230.
Lersten N.R. and Gunn C.R. 1982. Testa characters in tribe Vicieae with notes about Abreae, Cicereae, and Trifolieae (Fabaceae). U.S. Dept. Agri. Tech. Bull. No. 1667.
Mimura M., Yasuda K. and Yamaguchi H. 2000. RAPD varia-tion in wild, weedy and cultivated azuki beans in Asia. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 47: 603–610.
Moreno M.T. and Cubero J.I. 1978. Variation in Cicer arietinum L. Euphytica 27: 465–485.
Patil P.B., Vrinten P.L., Scoles G.J. and Slinkard A.E. 1995. Variation in the ribosomal RNA units of the genera Lens and Cicer. Euphytica 83: 33–42.
Samec P. and Nasinec V. 1996. The use of RAPD technique for the identification and classification of Pisum sativum L. geno-types. Euphytica 89: 229–234.
Saitou N. and Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406–425.
Sammour R.H. 1991. Systematic position of the genus Cicer L. (Fabaceae) from data on DNA/DNA hybridization. Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 26: 95–100.
Sharma S.K., Dawson I.K. and Waugh R. 1995. Relationships among cultivated and wild lentils revealed by RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91: 647–654.
Singh K.B. and Ocampo B. 1993. Interspecific hybridization in annual Cicer species. J. Genet. Breed. 47: 199–204.
Sonnante G., Marangi A., Venora G. and Pignone D. 1997. Using RAPD markers to investigate genetic variation in chickpea. J. Genet. Breed. 51: 303–307.
Swofford D.L. 2000. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods), version 4.0b4a. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
Tayyar R.I. and Waines J.G. 1996. Genetic relationships among annual species of Cicer (Fabaceae) using isozyme variation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92: 245–254.
Van der Maesen L.J.G., 1972. Cicer L.: A Monograph of the Genus, with Especial Reference to the Chickpea (Cicer a rietinum L.), Its Ecology and Cultivation. Meded. Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen 72–10, 342 pp.
Van der Maesen L.J.G. 1987. Origin, history and taxonomy of chickpea. In: Saxena M.C. and Singh K.B. (eds), The Chickpea. CAB Int. Publ., UK, pp. 11–34.
Venable D.L. 1984. Using interspecific variation to study the ecological significance and evolution of plant life-histories. In: Dirzo R. and Sarukhan J. (eds), Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology, Sinauer Associate Inc. Publ., Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 166–187.
Williams J.G.K., Kubelik A.R., Livak K.J., Rafalski J.A. and Tingey S.V. 1991. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbi-trary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acid Res. 18: 6531–6535.
Zohary D. and Hopf M. 1993. Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 101–106.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Javadi, F., Yamaguchi, H. RAPD and seed coat morphology variation in annual and perennial species of the genus Cicer L.. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51, 783–794 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GRES.0000034584.43689.f1
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GRES.0000034584.43689.f1