Abstract
Relative nuclear DNA contents in cortex parenchyma cells in root segments of 3- and 7-d-old soybean seedlings grown at 25 °C and in plants grown for 3 d at 25 °C, and then for 4 d at 10 °C, were determined with cytophotometry. Measurements revealed that in each variant the cortex cell nuclei with DNA content between 2C and 8C were in all the examined segments and nuclei with 8C – 16C DNA appeared in higher parts of roots. However, in chilled plant cells the number of 8C – 16C DNA nuclei was very low. Therefore, chilling inhibited endoreplication in comparison with plants grown at 25 °C for 7 d, and even reduced endopolyploidy level as compared to the initial seedlings, i.e. 3-d-old plants. DNA contents in root hairs grown at 25 °C (control) and in root hairs emerged at 10 °C were also determined. In controls 4C – 8C DNA nuclei predominated while in chilled plants an additional population of 2C – 4C DNA appeared. Thus a reduction of DNA synthesis was brought about by low temperature. The occurrence of an intermediate DNA contents besides those with full endoreplication cycles suggests the possibility of differential DNA replication. This suggestion seems to be supported by the lack of 3H-thymidine incorporation into root hair nuclei at the examined developmental stage both in control and chilled root hairs. The same number, but larger, chromocentric lumps in polyploid cortex cell nuclei of higher root zones, in comparison to meristematic nuclei, suggests that endoreduplication process occurred.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barlow, P.W.: Endopolyploidy: towards an understanding of its biological significance.-Acta biotheoret. 27: 1–18, 1978.
Cebolla, A., Vinardell, J.M., Kiss, E., Oláh, B., Roudier, F., Kondorosi, A., Kondorosi, E.: The mitotic inhibitor ccs52 is required for endoreduplication and ploidy-dependent cell enlargement in plants.-EMBO J. 18: 4476–4484, 1999.
D'Amato, F.: Role of polyploidy in reproductive organs and tissues.-In: Johri, B.M. (ed.): Embryology of Angiosperms. Pp. 519–566. Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin-Heidelberg 1984.
D'Amato, F.: Polyploidy in cell differentiation.-Caryologia 42: 183–211, 1989.
Damsz, B., Luchniak, P.: Nuclear DNA endoreplication and plastid index in mesophyll of some dicotyledonous species.-Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 57: 303–316, 1988.
Fehèr, A., Schultze, M., Kondorosi, E.: Control of Nod-signal-induced cell divisions during root nodule formation.-In: Francis, D., Dudits, D., Inze, D. (ed.): Plant Cell Division. Pp. 223–241. Portland Press, London 1998.
Foucher, F., Kondorosi, E.: Cell cycle regulation in the course of nodule organogenesis in Medicago.-Plant mol. Biol. 43: 773–786, 2000.
Galbraith, D.W., Mauch, T.J., Shields, B.A.: Analysis of the initial stages of plant protoplast development using 33258 Hoechst: reactivation of the cell cycle.-Physiol. Plant. 51: 380–386, 1981.
Grafi, G.: Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication: the endoreduplication perspective.-Exp. Cell Res. 244: 372–378, 1998.
Guy, S., Berger, M., Planchon, C.: Response to low temperature in dinitrogen fixing soybeans.-Plant Sci. 123: 67–75, 1997.
Joubès, J., Chevalier, C.: Endoreduplication in higher plants.-Plant mol. Biol. 43: 735–745, 2000.
Kowles, R.V., Phillips, R.L.: DNA amplification patterns in maize endosperm nuclei during kernel development.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 7010–7014, 1985.
Kwiatkowska, M., Poplonska, K., Zylinska, K.: Biological role of endoreplication in the process of spermatogenesis in Chara vulgaris L.-Protoplasma 155: 176–187, 1990.
Larkins, B.A., Dilkes, B.P., Dante, R.A., Coelho, C.M., Woo, Y., Liu, Y.: Investigating the hows and whys of DNA endoreduplication.-J. exp. Bot. 52: 183–192, 2001.
Lemontey, C., Mousset-Dèclas, C., Munier-Jolain, N., Boutin, J.: Maternal genotype influences pea seed size by controlling both mitotic activity during early embryogenesis and final endoreduplication level/cotyledon cell size in mature seed.-J. exp. Bot. 51: 167–175, 2000.
Lotocka, B., Golinowski, W.: Morphogenesis of root nodules in white clover. III. The effect of mutation in nod IJ genes of the microsymbiont upon the DNA level in the host tissue.-Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 67: 23–29, 1998.
Melaragno, J.E., Mehrotra, B., Coleman, A.W.: Relationship between endopolyploidy and cell size in epidermal tissue of Arabidopsis.-Plant Cell 5: 1661–1668, 1993.
Nagl, W.: DNA endoreduplication and polyteny understood as evolutionary strategies.-Nature 261: 614–615, 1976.
Olszewska, M.J., Legocki, A.B.: Changes in DNA content during rhizobial nodule development in Lupinus luteus L. I. Cytophotometry and audioradiography.-Biol. Zentralbl. 108: 221–230, 1989.
Rosiak, M., Polit, J.T., Maszewski, J.: Effects of 6–dimethyl-aminopurine, 2–aminopurine, olomoucine and sodium vanadate on DNA endoreplication in primary roots of Pisum sativum.-Biol. Plant. 45: 205–211, 2002.
Stoyanova, J.S.: I. Growth, N2 fixation, and transpiration in soybean plants as affected by root temperature.-Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 44: 357–362, 1997.
Truchet, G., Roche, P., Lerouge, P., Vasse, J., Camut, S., De Billy, F., Prome, J.C., Denarie, J.: Sulphated lipo-oligosaccharide signals of Rhizobium melitoli elicit root nodule organogenesis in alfalfa.-Nature 351: 670–673, 1991.
Valente, P., Tao, W., Verbelen, J.P.: Auxins and cytokinins control DNA endoreduplication and deduplication in single cells of tobacco.-Plant Sci. 134: 207–215, 1998.
Wintersberger, E.: DNA amplification: New insight into its mechanism.-Chromosoma 103: 73–81, 1994.
Zhang, F., Lynch, D.H., Smith, D.L.: Impact of low root temperatures in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]on nodulation and nitrogen fixation.-Environ. exp. Bot. 35: 279–285, 1995.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ste¸piński, D. Effect of Chilling on DNA Endoreplication in Root Cortex Cells and Root Hairs of Soybean Seedlings. Biologia Plantarum 47, 333–339 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000023874.59655.be
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000023874.59655.be