Abstract
Although the relationship between the local wall shear stresses (WSS) and atheroma development has been previously studied, the effect of variable regional wall distensibility with early atherosclerotic lesions and its effect on local hemodynamics have not been well investigated. We induced early atherosclerotic lesion development in one femoral artery in a Yucatan miniswine model with the contralateral artery serving as control. Eight weeks following atheroma formation, hemodynamic and intravascular ultrasound image data were obtained. Using the measured regional arterial distension as the moving boundary condition, unsteady laminar incompressible computational analysis was performed on the reconstructed arterial segments. With the development of early atherosclerotic lesions, there was increased wall distensibility and an increase in the computed normalized wall shear stress amplitude (NWSA). Alterations in the local fluid mechanics and mass transport at these sites may need to be considered in our understanding of the continued growth of these lesions.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Anayiotos, A. S., S. A. Jones, D. P. Giddens, S. Glagov, and C. K. Zarins. Shear stress at a compliant model of the human carotid bifurcation. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 116:98–106, 1994.
Born, G. V. R., and P. D. Richardson. Mechanical properties of human atherosclerosis. In: Pathobiology of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques, edited by S. Seager, W. Newman, and S. Schaffer. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990, pp. 413–424.
Caro, C. G., J. M. Fitz-Gerald, and R. C. Schroter. Arterial wall shear and distribution of early atheroma in man. Nature 223:1159–1161, 1969.
Caro, C. G., J. M. Fitz-Gerald, and R. C. Schroter. Atheroma and arterial wall shear: Observation, correlation and proposal of a shear dependent mass transfer mechanism for atherogenesis. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 177:109–159, 1971.
Caro, C. G., and K. H. Parker. The effect of haemodynamic factors on the arterial wall. In: Atherosclerosis—Biology and Clinical Science, edited by A. G. Olsson. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1987, pp. 183–195.
Caro, C. G., T. J. Pedley, R. C. Schroter, and W. A. Seed. The Mechanics of the Circulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Chandran, K. B., and M. J. Vonesh. Mechanical analysis of reactivity to atherosclerosis from three-dimensional reconstruction of vascular segments. In: Non-Invasive Imaging of Atherosclerosis, edited by S. Glagov, M. Mercury, C. K. Zarins, and D. D. McPherson. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1997, pp. 130–168.
Chandran, K. B., M. J. Vonesh, A. Roy, S. Greenfield, B. Kane, R. Greene, and D. D. McPherson. Computation of vascular flow dynamics from intravascular ultrasound images. Med. Eng. Phys. 18:295–304, 1996.
de Korte, C. L., G. Pasterkamp, A. F. van der Steen, H. A. Woutman, and N. Born. Characterization of plaque components with intravascular ultrasound elastography in human femoral and coronary arteries in vitro. Circulation 102:617–623, 2000.
Deng, X., Y. Marois, R. Guidoin, Y. Merhi, P. Stroman, M. W. King, and Y. Douville. Efficiency of an external support to reduce lipid infiltration into venous grafts: In vitro evaluation. Artif. Organs 20:1208–1214, 1996.
Duncan, D. D., O. J. Deters, C. B. Bargeron, and M. H. Friedman. The effect of compliance on wall shear in casts of a human aortic bifurcation. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 112:183–188, 1990.
Friedman, M. H. Arteriosclerosis research using vascular flow models: From 2-D branches to compliant replicas. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 115:595–601, 1993.
Friedman, M. H., C. B. Bargeron, D. D. Duncan, G. M. Hutchins, and F. F. Mark. Effects of arterial compliance and non-Newtonian rheology on correlations between intimal thickness and wall shear. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 114:317–320, 1992.
Friedman, M. H., O. J. Deters, C. B. Bargeron, G. M. Hutchins, and F. F. Mark. Shear-dependent thickening of the human arterial intima. Atherosclerosis 60:161–171, 1986.
Friedman, M. H., and L. W. Ehrlich. Effect of spatial variations in shear on diffusion at the wall of an arterial branch. Circ. Res. 37:446–454, 1975.
Friedman, M. H., G. M. Hutchins, C. B. Bargeron, O. J. Deters, and F. F. Mark. Correlation between intimal thickness and fluid shear in human arteries. Atherosclerosis 39:425–436, 1981.
Friedman, M. H., G. M. Hutchins, C. B. Bargeron, O. J. Deters, and F. F. Mark. Correlation of human arterial morphology with hemodynamic measurements in arterial casts. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 103:204–207, 1981.
Fry, D. L. Response of the arterial wall to certain physical factors. In: Atherogenesis: Initiating Factors, Ciba Fdn. Symp, (Vol. 12). New York: Associated Scientific, 1973, pp. 93–125.
Gal, D., A. J. Rongione, G. A. Slovenkai, S. T. DeJesus, A. Lucas, C. D. Fields, and J. M. Isner. Atherosclerotic Yucatan micro swine: An animal model with high-grade, fibrocalcific, nonfatty lesions suitable for testing catheter-based interventions, Am. Heart. J. 119(2, Pt. 1):291–300, 1990.
Giddens, D. P., C. K. Zarins, and S. Glagov. The role of fluid mechanics in the localization and detection of atherosclerosis. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 115:588–594, 1993.
Glagov, S., C. K. Zarins, D. P. Giddens, and D. N. Ku. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis: Insights and perspectives gained from studies in the human arteries. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 112:1018–1031, 1988.
Hayashi, K., K. Ide, and T. Matsumoto. Aortic walls in atherosclerotic rabbits—mechanical study. J. Biomech. Eng. 116:284–293, 1994.
He, X., and D. N. Ku. Pulsatile flow in the human left coronary artery bifurcation: average conditions. J. Biomech. Eng. 118:74–82, 1996.
Ku, D. N., D. P. Giddens, C. K. Zarins, and S. Glagov. Pulsatile flow and atherosclerosis in the human carotid bifurcation. Atherosclerosis 5:293–302, 1985.
Lai, Y. G. Unstructured grid arbitrarily shaped element method for fluid flow simulation. AIAA J. 38:2246–2252, 2000.
Lai, Y. G., and A. J. Przekwas. A finite-volume method for fluid flow simulations with moving boundaries. Comp. Fluid Dyn. 2:19–40, 1994.
Liu, Y., Y. G. Lai, A. Hamilton, A. Nagaraj, B. J. Kane, D. D. McPherson, and K. B Chandran. Effect of physiologic artery distensibility on wall shear stress distribution in vascular flow dynamics. Annual Conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society, Seattle, WA, Oct. 2000. (Ann. Biomed. Eng. 28(Suppl. 1):S–62.)
Liu, Y., A. Nagaraj, B. Kane, A. Hamilton, R. Greene, D. D. McPherson, and K. B. Chandran. Pulsatile flow simulation in arterial vascular segments using intravascular ultrasound images. Med. Eng. Phys. 23:583–595, 2001.
Moore, J. E. Jr., E. S. Weydahl, and A. Santamarina. Frequency dependence of dynamic curvature effects on flow through coronary arteries. J. Biomech. Eng. 123:129–133, 2001.
Schmidt-Trucksass, A., and M. Huonker. Assessment of atherosclerotic arterial changes in the carotid artery with noninvasive ultrasound. Z. Kardiol. 89(Suppl. 2):124–129, 2000.
Tropea, B. I., S. P. Schwarzacher, A. Chang, C. Asvar, P. Huie, R. K. Sibley, and C. K. Zarins. Reduction of aortic wall motion inhibits hypertension-mediated experimental atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20:2127–2133, 2000.
Umeno, T., M. Yamagishi, H. Tsutsui, Y. Hongo, M. Uematsu, S. Nakatani, Y. Yasumura, K. Komamura, T. Sasaki, and K. Miyatake. Intravascular ultrasound evidence for importance of plaque distribution in the determination of regional artery wall compliance. Heart and Arteries (Suppl. 12):182–184, 1997.
Vonesh, M. J., C. H. Cho, J. V. Pinto, D. S. Lee, S. I. Roth, K. B. Chandran, and D.D. McPherson. Regional vascular mechanical property determination using three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound and finite-element analysis. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 41):H425–H437, 1997.
Weit, S. P., M. J. Vonesh, M. J. Waligora, B. J. Kane, and D. D. McPherson. The effect of vascular curvature on three-dimensional reconstruction of intravascular ultrasound images. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 24:695–701, 1996.
White, C. J., S. R. Ramee, H. G. Card, L. A. Abrahams, J. T. Svinarich, C. E. Wade, W. G. Rodkey, and R. Virmani. Laser angioplasty: An atherosclerotic swine model. Lasers Surg. Med. 8:318–321, 1988.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Y., Hamilton, A., Nagaraj, A. et al. Alteration in Fluid Mechanics in Porcine Femoral Arteries with Atheroma Development. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 32, 544–554 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000019174.02192.ac
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000019174.02192.ac