Abstract
The molten globule state (MG) of cytochrome c is the major intermediate of protein folding. The formation of MG state of cytochrome c is induced by n-alkyl sulfates such as sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). The folding state of cytochrome c was monitored using circular dichroism (CD), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and partial specific volumes. To explore a new approach for characterizing the MG conformation, cyclic voltametric studies of n-alkyl sulfates induced transition at acidic pH of cytochrome c (unfolded state, U) was carried out. Here, we have used a cystein-modified gold electrode, which is effective for direct rapid electron transfer to cytochrome c even in acid solutions, to directly observe electrochemistry in native (N) cytochrome c. Our results show that the extent of electron transfer is increased for U→MG, and also the easiness of electron transferring occurred from MG→N transition. Thus we demonstrate that the MG state of cytochrome c, induced by n-alkyl sulfates as salts with hydrophobic chains (hydrophobic salts), with different compactness reaches to near identical amount of electron transferring as N state.
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Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A., Chamani, J., Ghourchian, H. et al. Electrochemical Evidence for the Molten Globule States of Cytochrome c Induced by N-Alkyl Sulfates at Low Concentrations. J Protein Chem 22, 23–30 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023011609931
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023011609931