Skip to main content
Log in

Protein folding: Hypotheses and experiments

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Protein Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current state of the problem of protein folding is reviewed with special attention to the novel “molten globule” state of the protein molecule, intermediate between the native and unfolded states. Experimental evidence on the existence of this state and its role in protein folding are compared with the sequential model of protein folding proposed by the author in 1972–1973.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad, E., and Salahuddin, A. (1974). Biochemistry 13, 245–249.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anfinsen, C. (1972). Biochem. J. 128, 737–749.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bewley, T. A., Levine, H. L., and Wetzel, R. (1982). Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 20, 93–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolotina, I. A. (1986). Mol. Biol. (Mosc.), submitted for publication.

  • Bolotina, I. A., and Lugauskas, V. Yu. (1985). Mol. Biol. (Mosc.) 19, 1409–1421.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brazhnikov, E. V., Chirgadze, Yu. N., Dolgikh, D. A., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1985). Biopolymers 24, 1899–1907.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burger, H. G., Edelhoch, H., and Condliffe, P. G. (1966). J. Biol. Chem. 241, 449–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrey, E. A., and Pain, R. H. (1978). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 533, 12–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chirgadze, Yu. N., Fedorov, O. V., and Trushina, N. P. (1975). Biopolymers 14, 679–694.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creighton, T. E. (1980). J. Mol. Biol. 137, 61–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creighton, T. E. (1983), Proteins, Structure and Molecular Properties, W. H. Freeman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creighton, T. E., and Pain, R. H. (1980). J. Mol. Biol. 137, 431–436.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damaschun, G., Gernat, Ch., Damaschun, H., Bychkova, V. E., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1986). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 8, 226–230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeGennes, P. G. (1975). J. Phys. Lett. 36, 53–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denton, J. B., Konishi, Y., and Scheraga, H. A. (1982). Biochemistry 21, 5155–5163.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, C. M., and Evans, P. A. (1984). Biochemistry 23, 4267–4270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dolgikh, D. A., Gilmanshin, R. I., Brazhnikov, E. V., Bychkova, V. E., Semisotnov, G. V., Venyaminov, S. Yu., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1981). FEBS Lett. 136, 311–315.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dolgikh, D. A., Abaturov, L. V., Brazhnikov, E. V., Lebedev, Yu. O., Chirgadze, Yu. N., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1983). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 272, 1481–1484.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dolgikh, D. A., Kolomietz, A. R., Bolotina, I. A., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1984). FEBS Lett. 165, 88–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dolgikh, D. A., Abaturov, L. V., Bolotina, I. A., Brazhnikov, E. V., Bushuev, V. N., Bychkova, V. E., Gilmanshin, R. I., Lebedev, Yu. O., Semisotnov, G. V., Tiktopulo, E. I., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1985). Eur. Biophys. J. 13, 109–121.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gast, K., Zirwer, D., Welfle, H., Bychkova, V. E., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1986). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 8, 231–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmanshin, R. I. (1985). Biofizika 30, 581–587.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmanshin, R. I. (1986). Biofizika, submitted for publication.

  • Gilmanshin, R. I., Dolgikh, D. A., Ptitsyn, O. B., Finkelstein, A. V., and Shakhnovich, E. I. (1982). Biofizika 27, 1005–1016.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmanshin, R. I., Ptitsyn, O. B., and Semisotnov, G. V. (1986). Biofizika, submitted for publication.

  • Goldenberg, D. P., and Creighton, T. E. (1984). J. Mol. Biol. 179, 527–545.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grossberg, A. Yu., and Shakhnovich, E. I. (1986). Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., in press.

  • Hamaguchi, K., and Sakai, H. (1965). J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 57, 103–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiraoka, Y., and Sugai, S. (1985). Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 26, 252–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiraoka, Y., Segawa, T., Kuwajima, K., Sugai, S., and Murai, N. (1980). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95, 1098–1104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holladay, L. A., Hammond, R. G., and Puett, D. (1974). Biochemistry 13, 1653–1661.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeguchi, M., Kuwajima, K., and Sugai, S. (1985). J. Biochem. 99, 1191–1231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jagannadham, M. V., and Balasubramanian, D. (1985). FEBS Lett. 188, 326–330.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, P. S., and Baldwin, R. L. (1982). Annu. Rev. Biochem. 51, 459–489.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kronman, M. J., and Holmes, L. G. (1965). Biochemistry 4, 526–532.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kronman, M. J., Sinha, K. S., and Brew, K. (1981). J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8582–8587.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kugimiya, H., and Bigelow, C. C. (1973). Can. J. Biochem. 51, 581–585.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwajima, K. (1977). J. Mol. Biol. 114, 241–258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwajima, K. (1979). Ph.D. thesis, Hokkaido University.

  • Kuwajima, K., Nitta, K., Yoneyama, M., and Sugai, S. (1976). J. Mol. Biol. 106, 359–373.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwajima, K., Hiraoka, Y., Ikeguchi, M., and Sugai, S. (1985). Biochemistry 24, 874–881.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwajima, K., Harushima, Y., and Sugai, S. (1986). Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 27, 18–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinthal, C. (1968). J. Chem. Phys. 65, 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifshitz, I. M. (1968). Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 55, 2408–2422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifshitz, I. M., Grossberg, A. Yu., and Khokhlov, A. R. (1979). Usp. Fiz. Nauk 127, 353–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, V. I., and Spirin, A. S. (1985). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 280, 235–239.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nozaka, M., Kuwajima, K., Nitta, K., and Sugai, S. (1978). Biochemistry 17, 3753–3758.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohgushi, M., and Wada, A. (1983). FEBS Lett. 164, 21–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Permyakov, E. A., Yarmolenko, V. V., Kalinichenko, L. P., Morozova, L. A., and Burstein, E. A. (1981). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 100, 191–197.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeil, W., and Privalov, P. L. (1976). Biophys. Chem. 4, 33–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeil, W., Bychkova, V. E., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1986). FEBS Lett. 198, 287–291.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. C. (1967). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 57, 484–495.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Privalov, P. L. (1979). Adv. Protein Chem. 33, 167–241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Privalov, P. L. (1982). Adv. Protein Chem. 35, 1–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Privalov, P. L., Griko, Yu. V., and Venyaminov, S. Yu. (1986). J. Mol. Biol., in press.

  • Ptitsyn, O. B. (1973a). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 210, 1213–1215.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B. (1973b). Vestn. Akad. Nauk SSSR 5, 57–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B. (1984). Mol. Biol. (Mosc.) 18, 547–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B. (1985). J. Mol. Struct. 123, 45–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., and Eizner, Yu. E. (1965). Biofizika 10, 3–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., and Finkelstein, A. V. (1980). Q. Rev. Biophys. 13, 339–386.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., and Rashin, A. A. (1973). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 213, 473–475.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., Lim, V. I., and Finkelstein, A. V. (1972). In: Analysis and Simulation of Biochemical Systems. Proceedings of the Eighth FEBS Meeting, (Hess, B., and Hemker, H. C., eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 421–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., Dolgikh, D. A., Gilmanshin, R. I., Shakhnovich, E. I., and Finkelstein, A. V. (1983). Mol. Biol. (Mosc.) 17, 569–576.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ptitsyn, O. B., Damaschun, G., Geret, Ch., Damaschun, H., and Bychkova, V. E. (1986): Stud. Biophys. 112, 207–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, D. W., and Beychok, S. (1979). In: Physical Principles and Techniques of Protein Chemistry, Part C (Leach, S. J., ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 445–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segawa, T., and Sugai, S. (1983). J. Biochem. 93, 1321–1328.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Semisotnov, G. V., and Kutyshenko, V. P. (1986). Biofizika, submitted for publication.

  • Semisotnov, G. V., Rodionova, N. A., and Ebert, B. (1985). In: Abstracts of the Symposium on Physical and Chemical Properties of Biopolymers in Solution and Cells Sept. 1985 (Sarvasyan, A. P., ed.), Pushchino, USSR, p. 59.

  • Semisotnov, G. V., Kutyshenko, V. P., and Ptitsyn, O. B. (1986). Biofizika submitted for publication.

  • Shakhnovich, E. I., and Finkelstein, A. V. (1982). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 267, 1247–1250.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanford, C. (1968). Adv. Protein Chem. 23, 121–282.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Timchenko, A. A. Dolgikh, D. A., Damaschun, H., and Damaschun, G. (1986). Stud. Biophys. 112, 201–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venyaminov, S. Yu. (1984). In: Abstracts of the Fifth All-Union Conference on Biopolymers Spectroscopy, Kharkov, USSR, p. 37.

  • Wong, K.-P., and Hamlin, L. M. (1974). Biochemistry 13, 2678–2683.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, K.-P., and Tanford, C. (1973). J. Biol. Chem. 248, 8518–8523.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, J.-M., and London, E. (1986). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 2002–2006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ptitsyn, O.B. Protein folding: Hypotheses and experiments. J Protein Chem 6, 273–293 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00248050

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00248050

Key words

Navigation