Skip to main content
Log in

The Alkylidenphthalan–1-Alkylisobenzofuran Equilibrium: A Computational Study

  • Published:
Structural Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Semiempirical (AM1, PM3) and density functional theoretical studies (B3LYP/6-31G*) are reported for the tautomerism of 2-methylidene-2,5-dihydrofurans (3a–e) and the corresponding 2-methylfurans (4a–e) and of benzannulated derivatives (5a–e, 6a–e, 7–14).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Haddadin, M. J. Heterocycles 1978, 9, 865.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Friedrichsen, W. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1980, 26, 135.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wiersum, U. E. Aldrichimica Acta 1981, 14, 53.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rodrigo, R. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 2093.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rickborn, B. In Advances in Theoretically Interesting Molecules, vol. 1; Thummel, R. P., ed.; JAI Press: Greenwich, 1989, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Friedrichsen, W. In Houben-Weyl, Methoden Org. Chem., vol. E6 b1; Kreher, R., ed.; Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, 1994, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Peters, O.; Friedrichsen, W. In Trends in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 4; Trivandrum, 1995, p. 217.

  8. Friedrichsen, W. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 1999, in press.

  9. Schöning, A.; Debaerdemaeker, T.; Zander, M.; Friedrichsen, W. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1119.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kuroda, T.; Takahashi, M.; Ogiku, T.; Ohmizu, H.; Kondo, K.; Iwasaki, T. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1635.

  11. Kappe, C. O.; Padwa, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6166.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Aßmann, L.; Palm, L.; Zander, M.; Friedrichsen, W. Chem. Ber. 1991, 124, 2418.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Reck, S.; Bluhm, K.; Debaerdemaeker, T.; Declercq, J.-P.; Klenke, B.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocycles 1996, 43, 1165.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Reck, S.; Friedrichsen, W. J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 7680.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Reck, S.; Näther, C.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocycles 1998, 48, 853.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Saulnier, M. G.; Gribble, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 5435.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gribble, G. W.; Saulnier, M. G.; Sibi, M. P.; Obaza-Nutaitis, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 4518.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gribble, G. W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 168.

  19. Gribble, G. W., Keavy, D. J.; Davis, D. A.; Saulnier, M. G.; Pelcman, B.; Barden, T. C.; Sibi, M. P.; Olson, E. R.; BelBruno, J. J. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5878.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kappe, C. O.; Padwa, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6166.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Peters, O.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocyclic Communications 1995, 203.

  22. Craig, D. In Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, vol. E 21c; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R. W.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., eds.; Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, 1995, p. 2872.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roush, W. R. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5; Trost, B. M.; Fleming, I.; eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, p. 513.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smith, J. G.; Wikman, R. T. J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 3648.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Smith, J. G.; Welankiwar, S. S.; Shantz, B. S., Lai, E. H.; Chu, N. G. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1817.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Smith, J. G.; Chu, N. G. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4083.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Smith, J. G.; Welankiwar, S. S.; Chu, N. G.; Lai, E. H.; Sondheimer, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4658.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Smith, J. G.; Wikman, R. T. Tetrahedron 1974, 30, 2603.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Smith, J. G.; Dibble, P. W. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1841.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Meegalla, S. K.; Rodrigo, R. Synthesis 1989, 942.

  31. Meegalla, S. K.; Rodrigo, R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1882.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rodrigo, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3973.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chacko, E.; Sardella, D. J.; Bornstein, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 2507.

  34. Stewart, J. J. P. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry; Lipkowitz, K. B.; Boyd, D. B., eds.; VCH Publishers: Weinheim, 1990, p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zerner, M. C. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry, vol. 2; Lipkowitz, K. B.; Boyd, D. B., eds.; VCH Publishers: Weinheim, 1991, p. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Modern Density Functional Theory; Seminario, J. M.; Politzer, P., eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1995. Vol. 20(1) (January 15, 1999) of the Journ. Comp. Chem. is entirely devoted to the progress in density functional theory.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hehre, W. J.; Lou, L. A Guide to Density Functional Calculations in SPARTAN; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Details: Foresman, J. B.; Frisch, Æ. Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, 2nd ed.; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  39. The following program systems have been used throughout in these calculations: MOPAC 7, Computational Chemistry Archive: gopher://infomeister.osc.edu:73/11/software/SOURCES/FORTRAN/mopac7_sources. GAUSSIAN 94, Revision D.2. Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Gill, P. M. W.; Johnson, B. G.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Keith, T.; Petersson, G. A.; Montgomery, J. A.; Raghavachari, K.; Al-Laham, M. A.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Ortiz, J. V.; Foresman, J. B.; Cioslowski, J.; Stefanov, B. B.; Nanayakkara, A.; Challacombe, M.; Peng, C. Y.; Ayala, P. Y.; Chen, W.; Wong, M. W.; Andres, J. L.; Replogle, E. S.; Gomperts, R.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J.; Binkley, J. S.; Defrees, D. J.; Baker, J.; Stewart, J. P.; Head-Gordon, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Benassi, R. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 259.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Heany, H.; Ahn, J. S. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees, C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 297.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Friedrichsen, W. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 351.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Keay, B. A.; Dibble, P. W. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 395.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Møller, C.; Plesset, M. S. Phys. Rev. 1934, 46, 618. Brillouin, L. Actualities Soc. Ind. 1934, 71, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  45. See Frisch, M. J.; Frisch, Æ.; Foresman, J. B. Gaussian 94 User's Reference; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, 1996, and papers cited therein.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Stringer, M. B.; Wege, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 21, 3821.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Yu, D. W.; Preuss, K. E.; Cassis, P. R.; Dejikhangsar, T. D.; Dibble, P. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8845.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Moursounidis, J.; Wege, D. Austr. J. Chem. 1988, 41, 235.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. Die Erhaltung der Orbitalsymmetrie; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hehre, W. J. Practical Strategies for Electronic Structure Calculations; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hehre, W. J.; Shusterman, A. J.; Huang, W. W. A Laboratory Book of Computational Organic Chemistry; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hehre, W. J.; Burke, L. D.; Shusterman, A. J.; Pietro, W. J. Experiments in Computational Organic Chemistry; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  53. For MINDO/3 and ab-initio calculations, see: Stanton, R. V., Merz, K. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1994, 100, 434.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Experimental data: (a) Roth, W. R.; König, J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1966, 699, 24. (b) Klosterziel, H.; ter Borg, A. P. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1965, 84, 1305.

    Google Scholar 

  55. For dimeric tautomeric transformations in the azole series, see, e.g.: Forlani, L. In Targets in Heterocyclic Systems. Chemistry and Properties, vol. 1; Attanasi, O. A.; Spinelli, D., eds., Società Chimica Italiana: Roma, 1997, p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Elguero, J.; Marzin, C.; Katritzky, A. R.; Linda, P. The Tautomerism of Heterocycles. Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Supplement 1; Academic Press: New York, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  57. But see Nicolaides, C. A. Int. Journ. Quant. Chem., 1999, 71, 209.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Friedrichsen, W. The Alkylidenphthalan–1-Alkylisobenzofuran Equilibrium: A Computational Study. Structural Chemistry 10, 47–52 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022070012294

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022070012294

Navigation