Abstract
Semiempirical (AM1, PM3) and density functional theoretical studies (B3LYP/6-31G*) are reported for the tautomerism of 2-methylidene-2,5-dihydrofurans (3a–e) and the corresponding 2-methylfurans (4a–e) and of benzannulated derivatives (5a–e, 6a–e, 7–14).
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Haddadin, M. J. Heterocycles 1978, 9, 865.
Friedrichsen, W. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1980, 26, 135.
Wiersum, U. E. Aldrichimica Acta 1981, 14, 53.
Rodrigo, R. Tetrahedron 1988, 44, 2093.
Rickborn, B. In Advances in Theoretically Interesting Molecules, vol. 1; Thummel, R. P., ed.; JAI Press: Greenwich, 1989, p. 1.
Friedrichsen, W. In Houben-Weyl, Methoden Org. Chem., vol. E6 b1; Kreher, R., ed.; Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, 1994, p. 163.
Peters, O.; Friedrichsen, W. In Trends in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 4; Trivandrum, 1995, p. 217.
Friedrichsen, W. Adv. Heterocycl. Chem., 1999, in press.
Schöning, A.; Debaerdemaeker, T.; Zander, M.; Friedrichsen, W. Chem. Ber. 1989, 122, 1119.
Kuroda, T.; Takahashi, M.; Ogiku, T.; Ohmizu, H.; Kondo, K.; Iwasaki, T. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1635.
Kappe, C. O.; Padwa, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6166.
Aßmann, L.; Palm, L.; Zander, M.; Friedrichsen, W. Chem. Ber. 1991, 124, 2418.
Reck, S.; Bluhm, K.; Debaerdemaeker, T.; Declercq, J.-P.; Klenke, B.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocycles 1996, 43, 1165.
Reck, S.; Friedrichsen, W. J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 7680.
Reck, S.; Näther, C.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocycles 1998, 48, 853.
Saulnier, M. G.; Gribble, G. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 5435.
Gribble, G. W.; Saulnier, M. G.; Sibi, M. P.; Obaza-Nutaitis, J. A. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 4518.
Gribble, G. W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 168.
Gribble, G. W., Keavy, D. J.; Davis, D. A.; Saulnier, M. G.; Pelcman, B.; Barden, T. C.; Sibi, M. P.; Olson, E. R.; BelBruno, J. J. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5878.
Kappe, C. O.; Padwa, A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 6166.
Peters, O.; Friedrichsen, W. Heterocyclic Communications 1995, 203.
Craig, D. In Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, vol. E 21c; Helmchen, G.; Hoffmann, R. W.; Mulzer, J.; Schaumann, E., eds.; Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart, 1995, p. 2872.
Roush, W. R. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 5; Trost, B. M.; Fleming, I.; eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, p. 513.
Smith, J. G.; Wikman, R. T. J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 3648.
Smith, J. G.; Welankiwar, S. S.; Shantz, B. S., Lai, E. H.; Chu, N. G. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1817.
Smith, J. G.; Chu, N. G. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 4083.
Smith, J. G.; Welankiwar, S. S.; Chu, N. G.; Lai, E. H.; Sondheimer, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4658.
Smith, J. G.; Wikman, R. T. Tetrahedron 1974, 30, 2603.
Smith, J. G.; Dibble, P. W. J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1841.
Meegalla, S. K.; Rodrigo, R. Synthesis 1989, 942.
Meegalla, S. K.; Rodrigo, R. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1882.
Rodrigo, R. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3973.
Chacko, E.; Sardella, D. J.; Bornstein, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 2507.
Stewart, J. J. P. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry; Lipkowitz, K. B.; Boyd, D. B., eds.; VCH Publishers: Weinheim, 1990, p. 45.
Zerner, M. C. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry, vol. 2; Lipkowitz, K. B.; Boyd, D. B., eds.; VCH Publishers: Weinheim, 1991, p. 313.
Modern Density Functional Theory; Seminario, J. M.; Politzer, P., eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1995. Vol. 20(1) (January 15, 1999) of the Journ. Comp. Chem. is entirely devoted to the progress in density functional theory.
Hehre, W. J.; Lou, L. A Guide to Density Functional Calculations in SPARTAN; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, 1997.
Details: Foresman, J. B.; Frisch, Æ. Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, 2nd ed.; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, 1996.
The following program systems have been used throughout in these calculations: MOPAC 7, Computational Chemistry Archive: gopher://infomeister.osc.edu:73/11/software/SOURCES/FORTRAN/mopac7_sources. GAUSSIAN 94, Revision D.2. Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Gill, P. M. W.; Johnson, B. G.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Keith, T.; Petersson, G. A.; Montgomery, J. A.; Raghavachari, K.; Al-Laham, M. A.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Ortiz, J. V.; Foresman, J. B.; Cioslowski, J.; Stefanov, B. B.; Nanayakkara, A.; Challacombe, M.; Peng, C. Y.; Ayala, P. Y.; Chen, W.; Wong, M. W.; Andres, J. L.; Replogle, E. S.; Gomperts, R.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J.; Binkley, J. S.; Defrees, D. J.; Baker, J.; Stewart, J. P.; Head-Gordon, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1995.
Benassi, R. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 259.
Heany, H.; Ahn, J. S. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees, C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 297.
Friedrichsen, W. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 351.
Keay, B. A.; Dibble, P. W. In Comp. Heterocycl. Chem., vol. 2; Katritzky, A. R.; Rees; C. W.; Scriven, E. F. V., eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996, p. 395.
Møller, C.; Plesset, M. S. Phys. Rev. 1934, 46, 618. Brillouin, L. Actualities Soc. Ind. 1934, 71, 159.
See Frisch, M. J.; Frisch, Æ.; Foresman, J. B. Gaussian 94 User's Reference; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, 1996, and papers cited therein.
Stringer, M. B.; Wege, D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 21, 3821.
Yu, D. W.; Preuss, K. E.; Cassis, P. R.; Dejikhangsar, T. D.; Dibble, P. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 8845.
Moursounidis, J.; Wege, D. Austr. J. Chem. 1988, 41, 235.
Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. Die Erhaltung der Orbitalsymmetrie; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, 1970.
Hehre, W. J. Practical Strategies for Electronic Structure Calculations; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1995.
Hehre, W. J.; Shusterman, A. J.; Huang, W. W. A Laboratory Book of Computational Organic Chemistry; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1996.
Hehre, W. J.; Burke, L. D.; Shusterman, A. J.; Pietro, W. J. Experiments in Computational Organic Chemistry; Wavefunction, Inc.: Irvine, CA, 1993.
For MINDO/3 and ab-initio calculations, see: Stanton, R. V., Merz, K. M. J. Chem. Phys. 1994, 100, 434.
Experimental data: (a) Roth, W. R.; König, J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1966, 699, 24. (b) Klosterziel, H.; ter Borg, A. P. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1965, 84, 1305.
For dimeric tautomeric transformations in the azole series, see, e.g.: Forlani, L. In Targets in Heterocyclic Systems. Chemistry and Properties, vol. 1; Attanasi, O. A.; Spinelli, D., eds., Società Chimica Italiana: Roma, 1997, p. 75.
Elguero, J.; Marzin, C.; Katritzky, A. R.; Linda, P. The Tautomerism of Heterocycles. Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Supplement 1; Academic Press: New York, 1976.
But see Nicolaides, C. A. Int. Journ. Quant. Chem., 1999, 71, 209.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Friedrichsen, W. The Alkylidenphthalan–1-Alkylisobenzofuran Equilibrium: A Computational Study. Structural Chemistry 10, 47–52 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022070012294
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022070012294