Skip to main content
Log in

A Systems/Dialectical Model of Supervision: A Symbolic Process

  • Published:
Contemporary Family Therapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although there has been a proliferation of models of supervision in the marriage and family therapy literature recently, most tend to focus on methods rather than on the process of supervision. The model presented here is grounded in developmental concepts and focuses on student learning through a dialectical process of cognitive and emotional growth and incorporates three stages: 1) developing relationships; 2) breaking impasses, and 3) orchestrating changes. Students discover that supervision becomes isomorphic with relationship issues that arise in their therapy sessions. Dialectical in nature in that each stage is characterized by the resolution of contradictory emotions, the supervision process helps supervisees experience emotional shifts in their interactions with others, referred to as “emotional restructuring.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Anderson, H., & Goolishian, H. (1988). Human system as linguistic Systems: Preliminary and evolving ideas about the implications for clinical theory. Family Process, 27, 371–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, T. (1987) The reflecting team: Dialogue and meta-dialogue in clinical work. Family Process, 27, 415–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, T. (1991). The reflecting team: Dialogues and dialogues about dialogues. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Avis, J. M., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1990). Outcome research on family therapy training: A substantive and methodological review. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 16, 240–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisch, R. (1988). Training in the brief therapy model. In H. A. Liddle, D. C. Breunlin, and R. C. Schwartz (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy training and supervision (pp. 78–92). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankel, B. R., & Piercy, F. P. (1990). The relation among selected supervisor, therapist, and client behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 16, 407–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, B. (1983). Aesthetics of change. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, B., & J. Ross. (1985). Mind in therapy: Constructing systemic family therapies. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piercy, F. P., & Sprenkle, D. H. (1990). Marriage and family therapy: A decade review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1116–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirrotta, S., & Cecchin, G. (1988). The Milan training program. In H. A. Liddle, D. C. Breunlin, and R. C. Schwartz (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy training and supervision (pp. 38–61). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, L., Darden, E., & Keller, J. (1990). The fly on the wall reflecting team supervision. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 16, 265–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riegel, K. F. (1976). The dialectics of human development. American Psychologist, 31, 689–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riegel, K. F. (1979). Foundations of dialectical psychology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, G. (1992). Having a second order mind while doing first order therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 377–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watzlawick, P. (1976). How real is real? Confusion—Disinformation communication. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watzlawick, P. (1984). The invented reality: How do we know what we believe we know (Contributions to constructionism). New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watzlawick, P. (1990). Munchausen's pigtails: Or psychotherapy and reality. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, C. A., & Abroms, G. M. (1974). New approaches to residency training in psychiatry. In G. Farwell, N. Gamsky, & P. Mathier-Couglan (Eds.), The counselor's handbook. New York: Intext Educational.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M. B., & Russell, C. S. (1995). The essential elements of supervisory systems: A modified Delphi study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21, 33–54.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roberts, T.W., Winek, J. & Mulgrew, J. A Systems/Dialectical Model of Supervision: A Symbolic Process. Contemporary Family Therapy 21, 291–302 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021952013686

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021952013686

Navigation