Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

HIV Prevention with Male Prostitutes and Patrons of Hustler Bars: Replication of an HIV Preventive Intervention

  • Published:
American Journal of Community Psychology

Abstract

The core objectives of this study were to document the process by which a community-based organization replicated and adapted an experimentally developed intervention to its own use and to explore the effectiveness of that HIV prevention program for male prostitutes and other patrons in New York City “hustler” bars. The intervention model employed was based on previous research with gay men (Kelly, St. Lawrence, Diaz, et al., 1991; Kelly, St. Lawrence, Stevenson, et al., 1992) and inspired by diffusion of innovation theory (Rogers, 1995). The effects of the current intervention were assessed on a sample of 1,741 male prostitutes and bar patrons. Analyses indicated significant reductions in paid, unprotected sexual intercourse and oral sex following the intervention. Analyses further indicated that the data were partially consistent with the program's model, which specified that norms were the putative mediator of behavior change in the intervention. Also, the intervention's effects varied by bar and by participants' race/ethnicity. Data support the utility of the intervention model for an urban sample of men at high risk for HIV infection. The importance of exploring the mechanisms that underlie the intervention is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, M. H., & Joseph, J. G. (1988). AIDS and behavioral change to reduce risk: A review. American Journal of Public Health, 78, 394-410.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boles, J., & Elifson, K. W. (1994a). The social organization of transvestite prostitution and AIDS. Social Science and Medicine, 39, 85-93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boles, J., & Elifson, K. W. (1994b). Sexual identity and HIV: The male prostitute. Journal of Sex Research 31, 39-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boles, J., Elifson, K., & Sweat, M. (1994). Sexual identity and HIV: The male prostitute. Journal of Sex Research, 31, 39-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carballo-Diéguez, A. (1995). The sexual behavior and identity of Puerto Rican men who have sex with men. In G. M. Herek & B. Greene (Eds.), AIDS, Identity, and Community: The HIV Epidemic and Lesbians and Gay Men (pp. 105-114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carballo-Diéguez, A., & Dolezal, C. (1994). Contrasting types of Puerto Rican men who have sex with men (MSM). Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 6, 41-67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, K. H., & Coates, T. J. (1994). Prevention of HIV infection. AIDS, 8, 1371-1389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, L. S., Petersen, L. R., White, C. R., Johnson, E. S., Ward, J. W., & The Blood Donor Study Group. (1992). Homosexually and nonhomosexually identified men who have sex with men: A behavioral comparison. Journal of Sex Research, 29, 1-14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekstrand, M. L., & Coates, T. J. (1990). Maintenance of safer sexual behaviors and predictors of risk sex: The San Francisco men's health study. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 973-977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elifson, K. W., Boles, J., Posey, E., Sweat, M., Darrow, W., & Elsea, W. (1993). Male transvestite prostitutes and HIV risk. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 260-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elifson, K. W., Boles, J., & Sweat, M. (1993). Risk factors associated with HIV infection among male prostitutes. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 79-83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estep, R., Waldorf, D., & Moratta, T. (1992). Sexual behavior of male prostitutes. In J. Huber & B. Schneider (Eds.), The social context of AIDS (pp. 95-112). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. (1996). Great expectations, or do we ask too much from community-level interventions? American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1075-1076.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, J. (1988). Possible effects of reference group-based social influence on AIDS risk behavior and AIDS prevention. American Psychologist, 43, 914-920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hays, R. B., Kegeles, S. M., & Coates, T. J. (1990). High HIV risk-taking among young gay men. AIDS, 4, 901-907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, K., & Swindle, R. W. (1983). Social networks, social support, and coping with stress. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.), Preventive psychology: Theory, research and practice in community intervention (pp. 87-103). New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, B. J., & Rapkin, B. D. (1986). Social networks and adult social identities: Profiles and correlates of support and rejection. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 395-412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iguchi, M. Y., Bux, D. A., Lidz, V., Kushner, H., French, J. F., & Platt, J. J. (1994). Interpreting HIV seroprevalence data from a street-based outreach program. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7, 491-499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd, C. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1981). Estimating the effects of social interventions. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalichman, S. C., Carey, M. P., & Johnson, B. T. (1996). Prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection: A meta-analytic review of the behavioral outcome literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18, 6-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, J. S., & Lawler, E. E. (1978). Methods of peer assessment. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 555-586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kegeles, S. M., Hays, R. B., & Coates, T. J. (1996). The Mpowerment Project: A community-level HIV prevention intervention for young gay men. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1129-1136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., St. Lawrence, J. S., & Brasfield, T. L. (1991). Predictors of vulnerability to AIDS risk behavior relapse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 163-166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., St. Lawrence, J. S., Diaz, Y. E., Stevenson, L. Y., Hauth, A. C., Kalichman, S. C., Smith, J. E., & Andrew, M. E. (1991). HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: An experimental analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 168-171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., St. Lawrence, J. A., Stevenson, L. Y., Hauth, A. C., Kalichman, S. C., Diaz, Y. E., Brasfield, T. L., Koob, J. J., & Morgan, M. G. (1992). Community AIDS/HIV risk reduction: The effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1483-1489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., Murphy, D. A., Sikkema, K. J., & Kalichman, S. C. (1993). Psychological interventions to prevent HIV are urgently needed: New priorities for behavioral research in the second decade of AIDS. American Psychologist, 48, 1023-1034.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. A., Winett, R. A., Roffman, R. A., Solomon, L. J., Sikkema, K. J., Kalichman, S. C., Stevenson, L. Y., Koob, J. J., Desiderato, L. J., Perry, M. J., Norman, A. D., Lemke, A. L., Hauth, A. C., Flynn, B. S., Yaffe, D. M., Steinder, S., & Morgan, M. G. (1983, June). Social diffusion models can produce population-level HIV risk behavior reduction: Field trail results and mechanisms underlying change. Paper presented at 9th International Conference on AIDS, Berlin, Germany.

  • Latkin, C. A., Mandell, W., Vlahov, D., Oziemkowska, M., & Celantano, D. D. (1996). The long-term outcome of a personal network-oriented HIV prevention intervention for injection drug users: The SAFE study. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24, 341-364.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCusker, J., Stoddard, A. M., Zapka, J. G., Zorn, M., & Mayer, K. H. (1989). Predictors of AIDS-preventive behavior among homosexually active men: A longitudinal analysis. AIDS, 3, 443-448.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKusick, L., Coates, T. J., Morin, S. F., Pollack, L., & Hoff, C. (1990). Longitudinal predictors of reductions in unprotected anal intercourse among gay men in San Francisco: The AIDS Behavioral Research Project. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 978-983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. L. (1995). Assisting gay men to maintain safer sex: An evaluation of an AIDS service organization's safer sex maintenance program. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7(Suppl. 5), 48-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of Technology Assessment. (1995). The effectiveness of AIDS prevention efforts. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrow, D. G., VanRaden, M. J., Fox, R., Kingsley, L. A., Dudley, J., & Kaslow, R. A. (1990). Recreational drug use and sexual behavior change in a cohort of homosexual men. AIDS, 4, 759-765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleak, R., & Meyer-Bahlburg, H. (1990). Sexual behavior and AIDS knowledge of young male prostitutes in Manhattan. Journal of Sex Research, 27, 557-587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, P. M., Morse, E. V., Balson, P. M., Osofsky, H. J., & Gaumer, H. R. (1993). Barriers to Human Immunodeficiency Virus related risk reduction among male street prostitutes. Health Education Quarterly, 20, 261-273.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois, Chicago.

    Robin Lin Miller

  2. Office of the Mayor, New York City

    David Klotz

  3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA

    Haftan M. Eckholdt

Authors
  1. Robin Lin Miller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David Klotz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haftan M. Eckholdt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Miller, R.L., Klotz, D. & Eckholdt, H.M. HIV Prevention with Male Prostitutes and Patrons of Hustler Bars: Replication of an HIV Preventive Intervention. Am J Community Psychol 26, 97–131 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021886208524

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021886208524

Search

Navigation