Abstract
A detailed simulation of the Goettinger Strasse pollutantdispersion problem is performed using the CFD code CFX-TASCflow for different wind directions. Two turbulencemodels, the k-ε and the RSM are adopted on three gridrefinement levels. Besides the typical reference gridimplemented by the TRAPOS group, two different gridresolutions are introduced. The first refinement is in thewhole street canyon region on the x-y level, while thesecond one is local in all three directions. Validation ofall involved computational schemes is performed based onrelative available experimental data. The computed velocityfields and concentration contours imply that the typicalreference grid is a suitable choice for the velocityfields, while local grid refinement in all three directionsin a small region containing the receptor is required toupgrade the pollutant concentration results with modestadditional computational effort. Finally the RSM modelresulted in smaller concentration levels. The k-εmodel compared to the RSM seems a more appropriate choiceto solve this particular problem.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berkowicz, R., Hertel, O., Larsen, S. E., Sorensen, N. N. and Nielsen, M.: 1997, Modelling Traffic Pollution in Streets, National Environment Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark.
Chauvet, C., Leitl, B. and Schatzmann, M.: 2001, ‘High Resolution Measurements in an Idealised Street Canyon’, The 3rd International Conference on Urban Air Quality, Loutraki, Greece, March 2001.
DePaul, F. T. and Sheih, C. M.: 1986, ‘Measurements of wind velocities in a street canyon’, Atmosph. Environ. 20, 555–559.
Kastner-Klein, P. and Plate, E. J.: 1999, ‘Wind tunnel study of concentration fields in street canyon’, Atmosph. Environ. 33, 3973–3979.
Ketzel, M., Berkowicz, R. and Lohmeyer, A.: 'Dispersion of Traffic Emissions in Street Canyons – Comparison of European Numerical Models with Each Other as Well as with Results from Wind Tunnel and Field Measurements’, The 3rd International Conference on Urban Air Quality, Madrid, March 1999.
Ketzel, M., Louka, P. Sahm, P. Guilloteau, E., Sini, J. F. and Moussiopoulos, N.: 2001, ‘Intercom-parison of Numerical Urban Dispersion Models – Part II: Street Canyon in Hanover, Germany’, The 3rd International Conference on Urban Air Quality, Loutraki, Greece, March 2001.
Kim, S. E. and Boysan F.: 1999, ‘Application of CFD to environmental flows’, J. Wind. Eng. 81,145–158.
Launder, B. E., and Spalding, D. B.: 1974, ‘The numerical computation of turbulent flows’, Comput. Meths. Appl. Mech. Eng. 3, 269–289.
Launder, B. E., Reece, G. J. and Rodi, W.: 1975, ‘Progress in the development of a Reynolds-stress turbulence closure’, J. Fluid Mech. 68, 537–566.
Leitl, B., Chauvet, C. and Schatzmann, M.: 2001, ‘Effects of Geometrical Simplifications and Idealization on the Accuracy of Microscale Dispersion Modeling’, 3rd International Conference on Urban Air Quality, Loutraki, Greece, March 2001.
Liedtke, J. and Schatzmann, M.: 1999, ‘Autoabgasausbreitung in Straßenschluchten – Ver-gleich von Windkanal-und Naturmessungen an einem konkreten Fallbeispiel. Projekt Euro-päisches Forschungszentrum für Maßnahmen zur Luftreinhaltung. Forschungszentrum Karls-ruhe’, Schlußbericht PEF 296001 (in German).
Liedtke, J., Leitl, B. and Schatzmann, M.: 1999, ‘Dispersion in a street canyon: Comparison of wind tunnel experiments with field measurements’, in P. M. Borrel and P. Borrel (eds), Proc. of Eurotrac Symposium 98, WIT Press, Southampton 1999, pp. 806–810.
NLÖ: 1995, ‘Lufthygienisches Ñberwachungssystem Niedersachsen-Standortbeschreibung der NLÖ Stationen’, Bericht, Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Ökologie, Göttinger Strasse 14, 30449 Hannover (in German).
Pavageau, M., Rafailidis, S. and Schatzmann, M.: 1996, ‘A Comprehensive Experimental Databank for the Verification of Urban Car Emission Dispersion Models’, Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling for Regulatory Purposes, Ostende, May 1996.
Rafailidis, S.: 1997, ‘Influence of building area density and roof shape on the wind characteristics above a town’, Bound.-Layer Meteor. 85, 255–271.
Raw, M. J., Galpin, P. F. and Hutchinson, B. R.: 1989, ‘A collocated finite-volume method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible and compressible flows in turbomachinery: Results and applications’, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal 35, 189–196.
Scaperdas, A.: 2000, ‘Modelling Air Flow and Pollutant Dispersion at Urban Canyon Intersections’, Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.
Schatzmann, M., Liedtke, J. and Leitl, B.: 1999, ‘Dispersion Models for Urban Applications. A Critical Assessment of the Present State of Application’, Internationale Kolloquium' Messung und Beurteilung der Luftqualität, Heidelberg, April 1999.
Sini, J. F., Anquetin, S. and Mestayer, P.: 1996, ‘Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons’, Atmosph. Environ. 30,15, 2659–2677.
Speziale, C. G., Sarkar, S. and Gatski, T. B.: 1991, ‘Modeling the pressure-strain correlation of turbulence: An invarient dynamical systems approach’, J. Fluid Mech. 227, 245–272.
Yamartino, R. J. and Wiegand, G.: 1986, ‘Development and evaluation of simple models for the flow, turbulence and pollutant concentration fields within an urban street canyon’, Atmosph. Environ. 20, 2137–2156.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Theodoridis, G., Karagiannis, V. & Valougeorgis, D. Numerical Prediction of Dispersion Characteristics in an Urban Area Based on Grid Refinement and Various Turbulence Models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus 2, 525–539 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021340930208
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021340930208