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Agricultural Intensification and the Secondary Products Revolution Along the Jordan Rift

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Abstract

The ecological impacts of early agriculture in the Near East remained localized prior to the intensified production of derivative plant and animal products, beginning in the fourth millennium B.C. One aspect of this “secondary products revolution” (Sherratt, 1980a, 1983) involved the adoption of animal traction and increased production of rendered animal commodities (e.g., wool and dairy). However, most of the pervasive regional effects of this revolution followed from the domestication and increasingly intensive cultivation of orchard crops that generated marketable secondary products (e.g., olive oil, wine, and dried fruits) and encouraged widespread deforestation. In the southern Levant this revolution encouraged, and was encouraged by, the rise and fall of Bronze Age towns and their mercantile influences. Botanical and palynological data from the Jordan Rift reveal a complex discontinuous legacy of changes wrought by the secondary products revolution that have molded the agrarian ecology and anthropogenic landscapes characteristic of the region today.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Arizona State University, Box 870104, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-0104

    Patricia L. Fall

  2. Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona

    Steven E. Falconer

  3. Department of Environmental Studies, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida

    Lee Lines

Authors
  1. Patricia L. Fall
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  2. Steven E. Falconer
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  3. Lee Lines
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Correspondence to Patricia L. Fall.

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Fall, P.L., Falconer, S.E. & Lines, L. Agricultural Intensification and the Secondary Products Revolution Along the Jordan Rift. Human Ecology 30, 445–482 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021193922860

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