Field evaluation of partially acidulated phosphate rocks in a Ferralsol from Cuba

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is needed in large areas of developing countries toimprove soil fertility for crop production. The use of phosphate rock (PR) isan alternative to costly soluble P fertilizers, but it is ineffective usuallyin non-acid soils unless it is modified i.e. partially acidulated (PAPR). Alaboratory incubation study using the isotopic exchange kinetic method of³²P and field experiments were undertaken on a neutral Ferralsol ofCuba to evaluate the effectiveness of PAPRs as fertilizers for common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). Sulfuric-acid based PAPR using40%, 50% and 60% of the acid required to produce singlesuperphosphate were studied. In the laboratory experiment Trinidad de GuedesPAPR was effective in providing P to the soil, through increases inisotopicallyexchangeable P and the percentage of P derived from fertilizer (%Pdff). In the three field experiments carried out to compare the P sources,yields of common bean were increased by PAPR, though the response was less thanwith triple superphosphate (TSP). The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) ofPAPR was greater than that of unacidulated PR. Taking into account the RAEvalues and the current cost of the P sources, the choice of Trinidad de GuedesPAPR instead of TSP could be economic, although the RAE value for PAPR waslowerthan that of TSP. This result indicates that PAPR could be used in thesoil understudy to obtain the best economic return. DM yield, P uptake and grain yield ofcommon bean were significantly increased by applying P as 50% PAPR. Lowcost improvement of the agronomic value of PR can be achieved by partialacidulation, so this modification of the phosphate rock show promise forutilization of PR reserves indigenous to developing countries.