Abstract
The internal-nitriding behavior of several modelalloys of the Ni-Cr-Al-Ti system in an oxygen-freenitrogen atmosphere at 800-1100°C was studied.Thermogravimetry as well as various metallographic techniques (SEM and TEM) were used. It wasshown that both the nitrogen solubility and the nitrogendiffusion coefficient are strongly affected by the Crcontent of the Ni alloy. Hence, in Ni-Cr-Ti alloys a higher chromium content leads to an increaseddepth of the internal precipitation of TiN. Nitridationof the alloying element Cr takes place only at highconcentrations of Cr. In general, the nitridation rate was found to obey Wagner's parabolic ratelaw of internal oxidation. Changes in the parabolic rateconstant with alloy composition can be understood bymeans of thermodynamic calculations in combination with microstructural observations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
V. P. Swaminathan and J. M. Allen, Mater. Manuf. Proc. 10, 867 (1995).
J. Litz, A. Rahmel, and M. Schorr, Oxid. Met. 30, 95 (1989).
M. Welker, A. Rahmel, and M. Schütze, Metall. Trans. A 20A, 1553 (1989).
M. Welker, A. Rahmel, and M. Schütze, Metall. Trans. A 20A, 1541 (1989).
B. Kolsch, A. Rahmel, and M. Schorr, Mater. Werkst. 20, 369 (1989).
E. Aghion, M. Bamberger, and A. Berkovitz, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 147, 181 (1991).
G. Y. Lai, Proc. Materials for Advanced Power Engineering 1994, D. Coutsouradis et al., Eds. (Liege, Belgium, 1994), p. 1263.
G. Y. Lai, Proc. ASM 1993 Materials CongressÐ Materials Week 93, Advanced Materials and Coatings for Combustion Turbines, V. P. Swaminathan and N. S. Cheruvu, Eds. (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1993), p. 113.
J. J. Moran, J. R. Mihalisin, and E. N. Skinner, Corrosion-NACE 17, 191 (1961).
J. J. Barnes and G. Y. Lai, Proc. Corrosion and Particle Erosion at High Temperatures, V. Srinivasan and K. Vedula, Eds. (The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, 1989), p. 617.
G. D. Smith and P. J. Bucklin, Proc. Corrosion 86, Houston, Texas, 1986, Paper No. 375.
K. Tjorko and D. J. Young, Oxid. Met. 44, 453 (1995).
R. P. Rubly and D. L. Douglass, Oxid. Met. 35, 259 (1991).
D. L. Douglass, J. Mater. 11, 74 (1991).
G. C. Savva, G. C. Weatherly, and J. S. Kirkaldy, Scripta Metal. 34, 1087 (1996).
G. C. Savva, G. C. Weatherly, and J. S. Kirkaldy, Met. Mater. Trans. 27A, 1611 (1996).
I. C. Chen and D. L. Douglass, Oxid. Met. 38, 189 (1992).
Y. M. Lakhtin, Y. D. Kogan, O. G. Golubeva, and E. P. Daneliya, Russ. Metall. 1, 188 (1984).
J. L. Arnold and W. C. Hagel, Metall. Trans. 3, 1471 (1972).
R. P. Rubly and D. L. Douglass, High Temperature Corrosion of Advanced Materials and Protective Coatings, Y. Saito, B. Onay, and T. Maruyama, Eds. (Elsevier, Tokyo, Japan, 1992), p. 133.
C. Wagner, Z. Elektrochemie. 63, 772 (1959).
G. Böhm and M. Kahlweit, Acta Metall. 12, 642 (1964).
H.-J. Christ and H. G. Sockel, High Temp. Technol. 5, 123 (1987).
A. A. Kodentsov, J. H. Gülpen, C. Cserháti, J. K. Kivilathi, and F. J. J. van Loo, Met. Mater. Trans. A 27A, 59 (1996).
N. Ono, M. Kajihara, and M. Kikuchi, Metall. Trans. A 23, 1389 (1992).
C. Herring, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 437 (1950).
G. Erickson and K. Hack, Metall. Trans. B 21, 1013 (1990).
E. T. Turkdogan and S. Ignatowicz, J. Iron Steel Inst. 3, 242 (1958).
H. A. Wriedt and O. D. Gonzalez, Trans. Met. Soc. AIME 221, 532 (1961).
E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt, Gase und Kohlenstoff in Metallen (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976).
D. B. Whittle, Y. Shida, G. C. Wood, F. H. Stott, and B. D. Bastow, Phil. Mag. A 46, 931 (1982).
F. H. Stott, Mat. Sci. Technol. 4, 1072 (1988).
H. C. Yi, S. W. Guan, W. W. Smeltzer, and A. Petric, Acta Met. Mat. 42, 981 (1994).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krupp, U., Christ, HJ. Internal Nitridation of Nickel-Base Alloys. Part I. Behavior of Binary and Ternary Alloys of the Ni-Cr-Al-Ti System. Oxidation of Metals 52, 277–298 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018843612011
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018843612011