Abstract
In 1955 N. Kuiper and J. Nash proved that given a C ∞ embeddingF of a C ∞ Riemannian n -manifold (M,g) in E n+1 which is short in the sense that the metric induced by F is less thang, there is a C 1 isometric embedding which is arbitrarily C 0-close to F. We extend the Nash--Kuiper result for compact M to the case of deformations. In other words, we prove that given a continuous family of short C ∞ embeddings \(F(s):M \to E^{n + 1} \) (\(s \in [0,1]\)) of a compact Riemannian n-manifold M , there is an isometric deformation through C 1 embeddings which is C 0 -close to F. With more assumptions which are typically met in practice, this result is shown to hold in the more difficult case where F(s) is short for s>0 andF(0) is isometric. We use this to prove that if a C ∞ convex hypersurface is sufficiently close to being planar in an average sense (e.g. an oblate spheroid in E 3 with axis ratio more than \(\sqrt {8/3} \), then it admits an isometric deformation which increases the enclosed volume.
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Bleecker, D. Isometric Deformations of Compact Hypersurfaces. Geometriae Dedicata 64, 193–227 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017999111399
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017999111399