Skip to main content
Log in

Germatranes and their Analogs. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. (Review)

  • Published:
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Aims and scope

Abstract

Results on the synthesis of germatranes and their analogs, the chemical behavior of these compounds, and the characteristics of the transannular germanium-nitrogen bond in these compounds are reviewed and classified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. M. G. Voronkov,V. M. D'yakov, andS. V. Kirpichenko, J. Organomet. Chem., 233, 1 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. K. Verkade, Coord. Chem. Rev., 137, 233 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  3. V. Pestunovich,S. Kirpichenko, andM. Voronkov, in: Z. Rappoport andY. Apeloig (Eds.) The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds, Vol. 2, Part 1, John Wiley & Sons (1998), p. 1447.

  4. T. K. Gar andV. F. Mironov, Metalloorg. Khim., 1, 260 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. Lukevics,S. Germane, andL. Ignatovich, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 6, 543 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. C. Mehrotra andG. Chandra, Indian J. Chem., 3, 497 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. G. Woronkov,G. I. Zelchan,A. Lapsina, andW. A. Pestunovich, Z. Chem., 8, 214 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. G. Voronkov andV. M. D'yakov, Silatranes [in Russian], Nauka, Novosibirsk (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  9. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,N. V. Sonina,V. S. Nikitin,M. V. Polyakova, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 49, 1516 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. N. Kartsev,G. A. Akin'shina,S. I. Ignat'eva,N. Yu. Khromova, andT. K. Gar, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 53, 1795 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  11. N. A. Viktorov,T. K. Gar, andB. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 55, 1051 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  12. N. Yu. Khromova,N. A. Viktorov,O. A. Dombrova,C. N. Tandura,D. A. Ivashchenko,V. S. Nikitin,T. K. Gar, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 55, 1361 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  13. T. K. Gar,O. N. Chernysheva,V. N. Bochkarev,A. E. Chernyshev,S. N. Tandura,A. V. Kisin, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 55, 2510 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  14. T. K. Gar,O. N. Chernysheva,A. V. Kisin, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 57, 387 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  15. O. A. Dombrova,T. K. Gar,D. A. Ivashchenko,V. S. Nikitin, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 57, 392 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  16. V. F. Mironov,O. N. Chernysheva, andT. K. Gar, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 58, 2282 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. A. Viktorov, andV. F. Mironov, Metalloorg. Khim., 4, 614 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  18. K. V. Pavlov,N. A. Viktorov, andV. F. Mironov, Metalloorg. Khim., 6, 1130 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  19. N. A. Viktorov,K. V. Pavlov,V. F. Mironov,V. I. Shipilov,A. I. Dudnikov,V. V. Mikhalshin,V. Yu. Savel'ev,N. S. Mamkov,R. L. Aleksanyan, andV. V. Borisov, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 26, No. 11–12, 72 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  20. K. V. Pavlov,N. A. Viktorov, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 64, 616 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  21. V. V. Shcherbinin,K. V. Pavlov,I. P. Shvedov,O. S. Korneva,L. G. Menchikov, andO. M. Nefedov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim., 1711 (1997).

  22. S. P. Narula,S. Soni,R. Shankar, andR. K. Chadha, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 3055 (1992).

  23. M. H. P. Van Genderen andH. M. Buck, Magn. Res. Chem., 25, 872 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  24. E. Ya. Lukevics,S. K. Germane,O. A. Pudova, andN. P. Erchak, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 13, No. 10, 52 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  25. E. Ya. Lukevics,S. K. Germane,A. A. Zidermane,A. Zh. Dauvarte,I. M. Kravchenko,M. A. Trushule,V. F. Mironov,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,N. A. Viktorov, andV. Ya. Shiryaev, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 18, No. 2, 154 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. Lukevics,L. M. Ignatovich, andYu. Yu. Popelis, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 54, 129 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. Lukevics,L. Ignatovich,L. Khokhlova, andS. Belyakov, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 275 (1997).

  28. E. Lukevics,L. Ignatovich,N. Porsyurova, andS. Germane, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 2. 115 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  29. E. Lukevics,L. M. Ignatovich,S. Rozite, andI. Zicmane, Metalloorg. Khim., 3, 773 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  30. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,V. M. Nosova, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 50, 1764 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  31. E. Lukevics,S. K. Germane,M. A. Trushule,V. F. Mironov,T. K. Gar,O. A. Dombrova, andN. A. Viktorov, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 22, No. 2, 163 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  32. T. K. Gar,O. A. Dombrova,N. Yu. Khromova, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 54, 2590 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  33. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,S. N. Tandura, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 53, 1800 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  34. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,T. Takada, andM. Akiba, Heterocycles, 23, 1493 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  35. V. Tolkunov, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 671 (1998).

  36. Z. B. Zhang,L. S. Li, andR. Y. Chen, Heteroat. Chem., 10, 73 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  37. L. Ignatovich,S. Belyakov,Yu. Popelis, andE. Lukevics, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 688 (2000).

  38. R. Eujen,A. Roth, andD. J. Brauer, Monatsh. Chem., 130, 1341 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. G. Karpenko andS. P. Kolesnikov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Khim., 1198 (1999).

  40. V. F. Mironov,A. K. Nuridzhanyan, andA. E. Feoktistov, Metalloorg. Khim., 4, 608 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Asai Germanium Research Institute, Japan, Jpn. Patent No. 5903 1784; Chem. Abs., 101, 91238 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Z. B. Zhang andR. Y Chen, Chin. Chem. Lett., 7, 989 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Z. B. Zhang andR. Y Chen, Heteroat. Chem., 7, 521 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  44. E. Lukevics,P. Arsenyan,S. Belyakov, andO. Pudova, Abstracts of Xth International Conference on the Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Germanium, Tin and Lead, Bordeaux, France, 2001

  45. D. A Sorokin,S. S. Karlov,A. V. Churakov,P. L. Shutov,Yu. F., Oprunenko,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, Abstracts of 10th International Conference on the Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Germanium, Tin and Lead, Bordeaux, France, 2001, 1P32.

  46. V. F. Mironov,N. Yu. Khromova, andT. K. Gar, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 51, 954 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  47. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,S. N. Tandura,V. N. Bochkarev,A. E. Chernyshev, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 52, 2579 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. G. Voronkov,G. I. Zelchan,V. F. Mironov,A. A. Kemme, andYa. Ya. Bleidelis, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 227 (1968).

  49. V. F. Mironov,T. K. Gar, andA. B. Kisin, in: Chemistry of Heteroorganic Compounds (Elements of Groups III-V) [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1976), p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  50. J. Ochs,M. Zeldin, andR. Gsell, Inorg. Synth., 16, 229 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Z. B. Zhang,L. S. Li,R. Y. Chen,Q. M. Wang, andQ. Zeng, Chin. Chem. Lett., 8, 9 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  52. R. Y. Chen,L. Liu, andZ. B. Zhang, Heteroat. Chem., 6, 503 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  53. L. J. Mao,R. Y. Chen,W. Zhang, andD. Y. He, Chin. Chem. Lett., 6, 1025 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  54. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,M. Akiba, andT. Takada, Jpn. Patent No. 61148186; Chem. Abs., 106, 50464 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  55. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,T. Takada, andM. Akiba, Heterocycles, 26, 347 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  56. I. B. Mazheika,A. P. Gaukhman,I. I. Solomennikova,A. F. Lapsinya,I. P. Urtane,G. I. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 54, 123 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Q. Zeng,X. S. Zeng, andQ. M. Wang, Hecheng Huaxue, 6, 49 (1998); Chem. Abs.,129, 41205 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Q. M. Wang andR. Huang, Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 3153 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. Z. Bai,L. F. Gen,L. J. Sun, andZ. N. Xuan, Huaxue Xuebao, 47, 355 (1989); Chem. Abs.,112, 118989 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  60. V. F. Mironov,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova, andO. D. Frid, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 56, 638 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  61. M. G. Voronkov.Z. A. Ovchinnikova, andV. P. Baryshok, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 880 (1987).

  62. M. G. Voronkov,Z. A. Ovchinnikova, andV. P. Baryshok, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 57, 2643 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Yu. E. Ovchinnikov,Yu. T. Struchkov,V. P. Baryshok,Z. A. Ovchinnikova, andM. G. Voronkov, Dokl. Russk. Akad. Nauk, 330, 464 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  64. C. Tao andK. Zhang, Wuji Huaxue Xuebao, 14, 230 (1998); Chem. Abs.,129, 61940 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  65. A. Haas,H.-J. Kutsch, andC. Kruger, Chem. Ber., 122, 271 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  66. R. Eujen,E. Petrauskas,A. Roth, andD. J. Brauer, J. Organomet. Chem., 613, 86 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  67. L. Bihatsi, P. Hencsei, I. Kovacs, and L. Kotai, HU Pat. 56109.

  68. Y. Wan andJ. G. Verkade, Inorg. Chem., 32, 79 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  69. V. S. Shriro,Yu. A. Strelenko,Yu. A. Ustynyuk,N. N. Zemlyanskii, andK. A. Kocheshkov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 226, 1128 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  70. V. S. Shriro,Yu. A. Strelenko,Yu. A. Ustynyuk,N. N. Zemlyansky, andK. A. Kocheshkov, J. Organomet. Chem., 117, 321 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  71. M. G. Voronkov,R. G. Mirskov,A. L. Kuznetsov,V. Yu. Vitkovskii,T. K. Gar,V. F. Mironov, andV. A. Pestunovich, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 1846 (1979).

  72. G. S. Zaitseva,S. S. Karlov,E. S. Alekseyeva,L. A. Aslanov,E. V. Avtomonov, andJ. Lorberth, Z. Naturforsch., 52b, 30 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  73. G. S. Zaitseva,S. S. Karlov,A. V. Churakov,J. A. K. Howard,E. V. Avtomonov, and J. Lorberth, Z. anorg. allg. Chem., 623, 1144 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  74. G. S. Zaitseva,L. I. Livantsova,M. Nasim,S. S. Karlov,A. V. Churakov,J. A. K. Howard,E. V. Avtomonov, andJ. Lorberth, Chem. Ber., 130, 739 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  75. G. S. Zaitseva,B. A. Siggelkow,S. S. Karlov,G. V. Pen'kovoy, andJ. Lorberth, Z. Naturforsch., 53 B, 1255 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  76. G. S. Zaitseva,S. S. Karlov,B. A. Siggelkow,E. V. Avtomonov,A. V. Churakov,J. A. K. Howard, andJ. Lorberth, Z. Naturforsch., 53 B, 1247 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  77. G. S. Zaitseva,S. S. Karlov,G. V. Pen'kovoy,A. V. Churakov,J. A. K. Howard,B. A. Siggelkow,E. V. Avtomonov, andJ. Lorberth, Z. anorg. allg. Chem., 625, 655 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  78. G. S. Zaitseva,S. S. Karlov,P. L. Shutov,V. A. Siggelkow, andI. Lorbert, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 69, 518 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  79. S. S. Karlov,P. L. Shutov,N. G. Akhmedov,I. Lorbert, andG. S. Zaitseva, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 70, 1053 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  80. K. A. Kocheshkov,N. D. Kolosova,N. N. Zemlyanskii, andV. S. Shriro, in: Biologically Active Compounds of Elements of Group IVB [in Russian], Irkutsk (1977), p. 229.

  81. G. I. Zelchan,A. F. Lapsinya,I. I. Solomennikova,E. Lukevics,E. E. Liepin'sh, andE. L. Kupche, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 53, 1069 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  82. S. P. Knyazev,V. N. Kirin,N. V. Alekseev,A. A. Korlyukov,I. A. Varnavskaya,E. A. Chernyshev,K. A. Lysenko, andM. Yu. Antipin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 371, 333 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  83. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,M. Akiba, andT. Takada, Jpn. Patent No. 61148185; Chem. Abs., 106, 50463 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  84. V. Gevorgyan,L. Borisova,A. Vyater,V. Ryabova, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 548, 295 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  85. M. Nasim,L. I. Livantsova,D. P. Krut'ko,G. S. Zaitseva, andV. S. Petrosyan, Vestn. MGU, Ser 2. Khim., 31, 289 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  86. E. Lukevics,L. Ignatovich,N. Shilina, andS. Germane, Appl. Organometal. Chem., 6, 261 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  87. V. F. Mironov, Metalloorg. Khim., 6, 243 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. G. Voronkov,Z. A. Ovchinnikova,L. S. Romanenko, andV. P. Baryshok, Metalloorg. Khim., 2, 1308 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  89. M. Nasim,L. I. Livantsova,G. S. Zaitseva, andJ. Lorberth, J. Organomet. Chem., 403, 85 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. G. Voronkov,Z. A. Ovchinnikova, andV. P. Baryshok, Metalloorg. Khim., 4, 1194 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  91. E. Lukevics,S. Belyakov,P. Arsenyan, andJ. Popelis, J. Organomet. Chem., 549, 163 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  92. S. N. Nikolaeva,K. Megges,J. Lorberth, andV. S. Petrosyan, Z. Naturforsch., 53 B, 973 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  93. J. Satge,G. Rima,M. Fatome,H. Sentenac-Roumanou, andC. Lion, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 24, 48 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  94. M. Nasim, Thesis for Candidate of Chemical Sciences [in Russian], Moscow (1991).

  95. M. Nasim,G. S. Zaitseva, andV. S. Petrosyan, Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem., 35B, 1257 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  96. S. S. Karlov,P. L. Shutov,N. G. Akhmedov,M. A. Seip,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, J. Organomet. Chem., 598, 387 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  97. S. S. Karlov,P. L. Shutov,A. V. Churakov,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, J. Organomet. Chem., 627, 1 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  98. G. S. Zaitseva,M. Nasim,L. I. Livantsova,V. A. Tafeenko,L. A. Aslanov, andV. S. Petrosyan, Heteroatom. Chem., 1, 439 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  99. J. Li,Q. Xie,J. Wang,H. Liu,H. Wang, andX. Yao, Guangdong Weiliang Yuansu Kexue, 5 (2), 26 (1998); Chem. Abs.,130, 9909 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  100. M. G. Voronkov andG. I. Zelchan, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 43 (1969).

  101. V. I. Rakhlin,L. P. Petukhov,M. G. Voronkov,V. Z. Shterenberg,R. G. Mirskov,N. K. Yarosh, andV. A. Pestunovich, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 52, 2373 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  102. S. S. Karlov, Thesis for Candidate of Chemical Sciences [in Russian], Moscow (2000).

  103. N. V. Alekseev,S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,S. N. Tandura,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,N. A. Viktorov, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 52, 2136 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  104. P. Livant,J. Northcott, andT. R. Webb, J. Organomet. Chem., 620, 133 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  105. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 50, 1894 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  106. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,D. A. Ivashchenko,S. N. Tandura,A. E. Chernyshev,V. N. Bochkarev,N. A. Minaeva,V. S. Nikitin,N. V. Alekseev, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 53, 1324 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  107. E. Kupce,E. Liepins,A. Lapsina,G. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 251, 15 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  108. A. B. Il'yukhin,L. M. Shkol'nikova,I. I. Seifulina,T. P. Batalova, andN. M. Dyatlova, Koordinats. Khim., 17, 795 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  109. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,M. Matsui,T. Takada, andM. Akiba, J. Organomet. Chem., 316, C17 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  110. N. Kakimoto,K. Sato,M. Matsui,T. Takada, andM. Akiba, Heterocycles, 24, 3047 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  111. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,S. N. Tandura,V. M. Nosova,A. V. Kisin, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 52, 622 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  112. T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova,S. N. Gurkova,A. I. Gusev, andV. F. Mironov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 51, 953 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  113. M. Kosugi,T. Tanji,Y. Tanaka.A. Yoshida,K. Fugami,M. Kameyama, andT. Migita, J. Organomet. Chem., 508, 255 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  114. G. Gudat andJ. G. Verkade, Organometallics, 8, 2772 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  115. Y. Wan andJ. G. Verkade, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 141 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  116. P. L. Shutov,S. S. Karlov,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, Z. Naturforsch., 56B, 137 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  117. P. L. Shutov,S. S. Karlov,A. V. Churakov,K. Harms,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, in: Abstracts of Tenth International Conference on the Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Germanium, Tin and Lead, Bordeaux, France, (2001), 1P33.

  118. C. L. Frey,G. E. Vogel, andJ. A. Hall, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 996 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  119. V. F. Sidorkin,V. A. Pestunovich, andM. G. Voronkov, Usp. Khim., 49, 789 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  120. S. Gradock,E. A. Ebsworth, andJ. B. Muiry, J. Chem. Soc. D, 25 (1975).

  121. D. A. Bochvar,N. P. Gambaryan, andL. M. Epshtein, Usp. Khim., 45, 1316 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  122. V. F. Sidorkin,V. A. Pestunovich, andM. G. Voronkov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 235, 136 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  123. V. F. Sidorkin,V. A. Pestunovich,G. K. Balakhchi, andM. G. Voronkov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., No. 622 (1985).

  124. W.-J. Lai,M.-D. Chen, andS.-Z. Hu, Jiegou Huaxue, 11, 442 (1992); Chem. Abs.,120, 270596 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  125. L. Ignatovich.S. Belyakov, andE. Lukevics, Abstracts of XII FECHEM Conference of Organometallic Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic, (1997), PA 51. b) L. Ignatovich, Dissertation Dr. habil. chem., Riga, (1998).

  126. Ya. Ya. Bleidelis,A. A. Kemme,G. I. Zelchan, andM. G. Voronkov, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 617 (1973).

  127. S. N. Gurkova,A. I. Gusev,V. A. Sharapov,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar, andN. J. Chromova, J. Organomet. Chem., 268, 119 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  128. S. N. Gurkova,S. N. Tandura,A. V. Kisin,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova, andI. R. Segel'man, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 23 (4), 101 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  129. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,I. R. Segel'man,T. K. Gar, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 22 (6), 156 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  130. N. V. Alekseev,S. N. Gurkova,S. N. Tandura,V. M. Nosova,A. N. Gusev,T. K. Gar,I. R. Segel'man, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 22 (6), 135 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  131. E. Lukevics,S. Belyakov,L. Ignatovich, andN. Shilina, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 132, 545 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  132. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,I. R. Segel'man,T. K. Gar, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 24 (2), 83 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  133. E. Lukevics,L. Ignatovich, andS. Belyakov, J. Organomet. Chem., 588, 222 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  134. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 26 (2), 154 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  135. A. A. Kemme,L. M. Ignatovich,E. Lukevics, andYa. Ya. Bleidelis, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Latv. SSR. Ser. Khim., 96 (1984).

  136. P. Hencsei,L. Parkanyi, andV. F. Mironov, Main Group Met. Chem., 14, 13 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  137. A. Greenberg andG. Wu, Struct. Chem., 1, 79 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  138. S. Belyakov,L. Ignatovich, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 577, 205 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  139. S. S. Karlov,D. A. Tyurin,J. Lorberth, andG. S. Zaitseva, Abstracts of 10th International Conference on the Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Germanium, Tin and Lead, Bordeaux, France, (2001), 2P3.

  140. Q. Shen andR. L. Hildebrandt, J. Mol. Struct., 64, 257 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  141. G. Forgacs,M. Kolonits, andI. Hargittai, Struct. Chem., 1, 245 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  142. M. G. Voronkov,I. B. Mazheika, andG. I. Zelchan, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 58 (1965).

  143. E. I. Shimaeva,O. A. Samarina,V. M. D'yakov,M. G. Voronkov, andA. M. Pudovik, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 222, 876 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  144. M. G. Voronkov,D.-S. D. Toryashinova,E. P. Brodskaya,E. E. Shestakov,N. Yu. Khromova, andT. K. Gar, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 1758 (1985).

  145. V. A. Petukhov,L. P. Gudovich,G. I. Zelchan, andM. G. Voronkov, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 968 (1969).

  146. M. G. Voronkov,S. N. Tandura,B. Z. Shterenberg,A. L. Kuznetsov,R. G. Mirskov,G. I. Zelchan,N. Yu. Khromova,T. K. Gar,V. F. Mironov, andV. A. Pestunovich, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 248, 134 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  147. E. L. Kupche,E. E. Liepin'sh, andE. Lukevics, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 129 (1987).

  148. A. Yu. Chervinskii,M. Yu. Zubritskii, andL. M. Kapkan, Ukr. Khim. Zh., 60. 440 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  149. V. A. Pestunovich,M. G. Voronkov,A. F. Lapsinya,G. I. Zelchan,E. Ya. Lukevics, andL. I. Libert, in: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds [in Russian], Vol. 2, Zinatne, Riga (1970), p. 348.

    Google Scholar 

  150. E. E. Liepin'sh,I. S. Birgele,E. L. Kupche, andE. Lukevics, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 57, 1723 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  151. S. N. Tandura,V. A. Pestunovich,G. I. Zelchan,V. P. Baryshok,Yu. A. Lukina,M. S. Sorokin, andM. G. Voronkin, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 295 (1981).

  152. S. N. Tandura,M. G. Voronkov,A. V. Kisin,N. V. Alekseev,E. E. Shestakov,Z. A. Ovchinnikova, andV. P. Baryshok, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 54, 2012 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  153. V. I. Glukhikh,M. G. Voronkov,O. G. Yarosh,S. N. Tandura,N. V. Alekseev,N. Yu. Khromova, andT. K. Gar, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 258, 387 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  154. E. Liepin'sh,I. Zitsmane,G. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 53, 245 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  155. V. A. Pestunovich,S. N. Tandura,B. Z. Shterenberg,N. Yu. Khromova,T. K. Gar,V. F. Mironov, andM. G. Voronkov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 959 (1980).

  156. E. Kupce,E. Liepins,A. Lapsina,I. Urtane,G. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 279, 343 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  157. V. A. Pestunovich,B. Z. Shterenberg,S. N. Tandura,V. P. Baryshok,M. G. Voronkova,N. V. Alekseeva,N. Yu. Khromova, andT. K. Gar, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 2179 (1980).

  158. E. E. Liepin'sh,A. F. Lapsinya,G. I. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, Izv. Akad. Nauk. Latv. SSR. Ser. Khim., 371 (1980).

  159. M. Zeldin andJ. Ochs, J. Organomet. Chem., 86, 369 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  160. S. Kh. Rozite,I. B. Mazheika,A. P. Gaukhman,N. P. Erchak,K. Ignatovich, andE. Lukevics, Metalloorg. Khim., 2, 1389 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  161. A. A. Azizov,P. I. Zakharov,Yu. A. Ustynyuk,V. S. Shriro,N. D. Kolosova,N. N. Zemlyanskii, andK. A. Kocheskov, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Khim., 1430 (1976).

  162. A. E. Chernyshev andV. N. Bochkarev, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 57, 154 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  163. A. E. Chernyshev,V. N. Bochkarev,V. Yu. Vitkovskii, andM. G. Voronkov, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 55, 1354 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  164. V. N. Bochkarev,T. F. Slyusarenko,A. N. Polivanov,N. N. Silkina,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova, andB. M. Zolotarev, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 50, 2145 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  165. S. Rozite,I. Mazeika,A. Gaukhman,N. P. Erchak,L. M. Ignatovich, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 384, 257 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  166. I. Mazeika,S. Grinberga,A. P. Gaukhman,G. I. Zelchan, andE. Lukevics, J. Organomet. Chem., 426, 41 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  167. V. D. Shatz,V. A. Belikov,G. I. Zelchan,I. I. Solomennikova,N. P. Yerchak,O. A. Pudova, andE. Lukevics, J. Chromatogr., 200, 105 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  168. L. O. Atovmyan,Ya. Ya. Bleidelis,A. A. Kemme, andR. P. Shibaeva, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 11, 318 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  169. A. A. Kemme,Ya. Ya. Bleidelis, andR. P. Shibaeva, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 14, 103 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  170. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar,N. Yu. Khromova, andN. A. Viktorov, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 25(3), 135 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  171. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,I. R. Segel'man,T. K. Gar, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 24(1), 162 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  172. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar, andN. A. Viktorov, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 26(1), 144 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  173. P. Hencsei,L. Parkanyi, andV. F. Mironov, Z. Kristallogr., 209, 632 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  174. E. Lukevics andL. M. Ignatovich, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., 725 (1992).

  175. P. Hencsei,L. Parkanyi, andV. F. Mironov, Z. Kristallogr., 209, 630 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  176. S. N. Gurkova,A. N. Gusev,I. R. Segel'man,N. V. Alekseev,T. K. Gar, andN. Yu. Khromova, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 24(3), 181 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  177. S. N. Gurkova,A. I. Gusev,N. V. Alekseev,O. A. Dombrova, andT. K. Gar, Zh. Strukt. Khim., 28(2), 189 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  178. L. Ignatovich,S. Belyakov, andE. Lukevics, Abstracts of 9th IUPAC Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany, (1997), p. 30.

  179. A. V. Churakov,L. G. Kuz'mina,S. S. Karlov,P. L. Shutov, andG. S. Zaitseva, Koordinats. Khim., 25, 870 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Karlov, S.S., Zaitseva, G.S. Germatranes and their Analogs. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. (Review). Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 37, 1325–1357 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017942932503

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017942932503

Navigation