Abstract
The design of an apparatus that ensures the injection of gaseous 4He with water vapor impurities or vapors of other molecular liquids into the experimental cell, which is filled with superfluid He-II, is described. It is shown that, when a 4Не + Н2О gas mixture condenses, porous semitransparent samples (icebergs) with a characteristic size of ∼1 cm form under the surface of the superfluid. The volume concentration of water in the samples is ≲1020molecules/cm3. When heated above T λ, icebergs in normal He-I may decompose into ice and 4He. The temperature T dat which intense disintegration begins depends on the pressure of the vapor above the liquid: T d≈ 2.5 K at a pressure of 0.2 atm, and, at a pressure of 1 atm, T drises up to 4 K. In an atmosphere of gaseous 4He, icebergs begin disintegrating into parts under warming above 1.8 K. This indicates the discovery of a new highly porous form of ice in liquid helium—a water gel, the dispersed phase (solid frame) of which is formed by water clusters surrounded by a solidified helium layer; liquid helium serves as a dispersing medium.
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Kokotin, A.M., Mezhov-Deglin, L.P. An Apparatus for Studying Condensed Impurity Systems in Liquid Helium. Instruments and Experimental Techniques 44, 279–284 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017552111660
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017552111660