Abstract
Some performance of a number of emulsion explosives containing glass micro-baloons were studied experimentally and theoretically. For each of the explosives, detonation velocity was measured and calculated and ballistic mortar tests and cylinder expansion tests were carried out. The results obtained enables a comparison of the usefulness of both testing methods. The influence of some metal nitrates contained in the emulsion matrix on the performance and detonation parameters of the explosives was examined. Key words: explosives, glass micro-balloons, nitrates of metals, detonation parameters, performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
R. S. Egly and A. E. Neckar, “Water resistant sensitizes for blasting agents," U.S. Patent No. 3,161,551 (1964).
N. E. Gehrig, “Aqueous emulsified ammonium nitrate blasting compositions containing nitric acid," US Patent No. 3,164,503 (1965).
M. Yoshida, M. Iida, K. Tanaka, et al., “Detonation behavior of emulsion explosives containing glass micro-balloons," in: 8th Symp. (Int). on Detonation, Albuquerque, NM, July 15–19 (1985), pp. 993–1000.
J. Lee and P. A. Persson, “Detonation behavior of emulsion explosives," Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 15, No. 5 (1990).
M. M. Chaudhri and L. A. Almgren, “Detonation behavior of `water-in-oil' type emulsion explosive containing glass micro-balloons of selected sizes," in: 10th Int. Detonation Symp., Boston, Massachusetts, July 12–16 (1993), pp. 741–748.
K. Takahashi, M. Murata, Y. Kato, et al., “Non-ideal detonation of emulsion explosives," J. Mater. Proces. Technol., 85, 52–55 (1999).
J. Kohler and R. Meyer, Explosives, VCH Publ., Weinheim, Germany (1993), pp. 24–25.
L. E. Fried, “CHEETAH 1.39 - User's manual," Report No. UCRL-MA-117541 (1996).
M. L. Hobbs and M. R. Baer, “Calibrating the BKW-EOS with a large product species base and measured C-J properties," in: 10th Int. Detonation Symp., Boston, Massachusetts, July 12–16 (1993), pp. 409–418.
S. Cudzilo and W. A. Trzcinski, “Application of a cylinder test for determining some characteristics of explosives (in Polish)," Biuletyn WAT, 46, No. 5 (1997).
H. Hornberg, “Determination of fume state parameters from expansion measurements of metal tube," Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 11, No. 1, 23–31 (1986).
L. E. Fried and P. C. Souers, “BKWC: an empirical BKW parametrization based on cylinder test data," Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 21, 215–221 (1996).
S. Cudzilo, R. Trebinski, and W. Trzcinski, “Determination of the effective exponent of isentrope for the detonation products of high explosives," Chem. Phys. Reports, 16, 1719–1732 (1997).
R. Trebinski and W. A. Trzcinski, “Determination of an expansion isentrope for detonation products of condensed explosives," J. Tech. Phys., 40, No. 4, 447–504 (1999).
W. A. Trzcinski, “Application of a cylinder test for determining energetic characteristics of explosives," J. Tech. Phys., 42, No. 2, 165–179 (2001).
S. Cudzilo and W. A. Trzcinski, “The application of the cylinder test to determine the energy characteristics of industrial explosives," Arch. Mining Sci., 46, No. 3, 291–307 (2001).
P. C. Souers and J. W. Kury, “Comparison of cylinder data and code calculations for homogeneous explosives," Propel., Explos., Pyrotech., 18, 175–181 (1993).
W. P. Walters and J. A. Zukas, Fundamentals of Shaped Charges, Wiley-Interscience Publ., New York (1989).
S. J. Jacobs, “Energy of detonation," Report NAVORD - 4366, United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory (1956).
W. Fickett and W. C. Davis, Detonation, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley (1979).
R. Trebinski and W. Trzcinski, “Method of determination of the effective exponent of isentrope for the detonation products of condensed explosives (in Polish)," Biuletyn WAT, 45, No. 3 (1996).
P. A. Person and R. F. Chiappetta, “Shock waves and detonation, explosive performance," in: Proc. NIXT'94, Pretoria, RSA (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cudzilo, S., Kohlicek, P., Trzcinski, V.A. et al. Performance of Emulsion Explosives. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 38, 463–469 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016219517798
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016219517798