Skip to main content
Log in

Objectivity and Subjectivity in Postnatally Depressed Mothers' Perceptions of Their Infants

  • Published:
Child Psychiatry and Human Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A community sample of 82 new mothers' objective and subjective perceptions of their infants were assessed, using a specially designed questionnaire. Sixteen women had postnatal depression (PND), and thirteen women had developed PND but recovered by assessment. These women had a less positive view of their infants than women who had never had PND. However, the objective/subjective dichotomy, while meaningful to observers, did not structure their responses. The questionnaire items seemed to reflect new mothers' judgements of their infants, not their observations of them, even in apparently objective phenomena or physical symptoms. Maternal and infant well-being are not separable in questionnaires of maternal perceptions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Stein A, Gath DH, Bucher J, Bond A, Day A, Cooper PJ. The relationship between postnatal depression and mother-child interaction. Brit J Psychiat 1991;158:46-52.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Murray L. The impact of postnatal depression on infant development. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1992;33:543-61.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bates JE, Freeland CA, Lounsbury ML. Measurement of infant difficultness. Child Developmt 1979;50:794-803.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Carey W. A simplified method for measuring infant temperament. J Pediat 1970; 77:188-93.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hubert NC, Wachs TD, Peters-Martin P, Gandour MJ. The study of early temperament: Measurement and conceptual issues. Child Developmt 1982;53:571-600.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bates JE. The concept of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Q 1980;26:299-319.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Thomas A, Chess S, Korn SJ. The reality of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Q 1982;28:1-20.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Prior M. Childhood Temperament. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1992;33:249-80.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Diener ML, Goldstein LH, Mangelsdorf SC. The role of prenatal expectations on parents' reports of infant temperament. Merrill-Palmer Q 1995;41:172-90.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zeanah CH, Keener MA, Stewart L, Anders TF. Prenatal perception of infant personality: A preliminary investigation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat 1985;24: 204-10.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bates JE, Bayles K. Objective and subjective components in mothers perceptions ofo their children from age 6 months to 3 years. Merrill-Palmer Q 1984;30:111-30.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mebert CJ. Dimensions of subjectivity in parents' ratings of infant temperament. Child Developmt 1991;62:352-61.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Foreman DM. Beyond the Edinburgh Postnatal Rating Scale: other rating scales and standardised interviews of use in assessing disturbed parents and their children. Perinatal Psychiatry: use and misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale 1994;199-215.

  14. Goldsmith HH, Campos JJ. Towards a theory of infant temperament. In: The Development of Attachment and Affiliative Systems, eds. Emde R, Harmon R. New York: Plenum Press, 1982, pp. 161-193.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Field T. Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Beh Developmt 1995;18:1-13.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Plomin R. The difficult concept of temperament: A response to Thomas, Chess, and Korn. Merrill-Palmer Q 1982;28:25-33.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar R. “Anybody's Child.” Severe disorders of mother-to-infant bonding. Brit J Psychiat 1997;171:175-81.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Margison FR. The pathology of the mother-child relationship. Motherhood and Mental Illness 1982;191-222.

  19. Henshaw C, Foreman DM, O'Brien S, Cox J. Are women with severe blues at increased risk of postpartum depression? Eur Psychiat 1996;11:288.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Brit J Psychiat 1987;150:782-6.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview. The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiat 1978;35:837-44.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Boath E, Cox JL, Lewis E, Jones P, Pryce A. When the cradle falls: the treatment of postnatal depression in a psychiatric day hospital compared with routine primary care. J Affective Dis 1999;53:143-51.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gower. Multivariate Analysis: Ordination, Multidimensional Scaling and Allied Topics. Handbook of Applicable Mathematics VI: Statistics 1981;747-51.

  24. Hewitt JK, Rutter M, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Loeber R, Heath AC et al. Genetics and Developmental Psychopathology: 1. Phenotypic assessment in the Virginia twin study of adolescent behavioral development. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1997; 38:943-63.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hay DF, Pawlby S, Sharp D, Schmucker G, Mills A, Allen H et al. Parents' judgements about young children's problems: Why mothers and fathers might disagree yet still predict later outcomes. J Child Psychol Psychiat 1999;40:1249-58.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Foreman DM. Infant Psychiatry: its scope, coherence and clinical utility. Israel J Psychiat 2000;37:165-77.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Prusoff BA, Merikangas KR, Weissman MM. Lifetime prevalence and age of onset of psychiatric disorders: recall 4 years later. J Psychiat Res 1988;22:107-17.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Foreman, D.M., Henshaw, C. Objectivity and Subjectivity in Postnatally Depressed Mothers' Perceptions of Their Infants. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 32, 263–275 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015266410308

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015266410308

Navigation