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Genetic markers in the study of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860): larval identification and genetic relationships with other species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

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Abstract

Genetic variation at 21 gene-enzyme systems was studied in a sample of an adult population of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860) recovered in the dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis from the Atlantic coast of Brazil. The characteristic alleles, detected in this population, made it possible to identify as A. typica, Anisakis larvae with a Type I morphology (sensu Berland, 1961) from various fishes: Thunnus thynnus and Auxis thazard from Brazil waters, Trachurus picturatus and Scomber japonicus from Madeiran waters, Scomberomorus commerson, Euthynnus affinis, Sarda orientalis and Coryphaena hippurus from the Somali coast of the Indian Ocean, and Merluccius merluccius from the Eastern Mediterranean. Characteristic allozymes are given for the identification, at any life-stage and in both sexes, of A. typica and the other Anisakis species so far studied genetically. The distribution of A. typica in warmer temperate and tropical waters is confirmed; the definitive hosts so far identified for this species belong to delphinids, phocoenids and pontoporids. The present findings represent the first established records of intermediate/paratenic hosts of A. typica and extend its range to Somali waters of the Indian Ocean and to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable genetic homogeneity was observed in larval and adult samples of A. typica despite their different geographical origin; interpopulation genetic distances were low, ranging from D Nei=0.004 (Eastern Mediterranean versus Somali) to D Nei=0.010 (Brazilian versus Somali). Accordingly, indirect estimates of gene flow gave a rather high average value of Nm = 6.00. Genetic divergence of A. typica was, on average, D Nei=1.12 from the members of the A. simplex complex (A. simplex s.s, A. pegreffii, A. simplex C) and D Nei=1.41 from A. ziphidarum, which all share Type I larvae; higher values were found from both A. physeteris (D Nei=2.77)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health Science – Section of Parasitology, University of Rome `La Sapienza', P. le Aldo Moro, 5, I-00185, Rome, Italy

    S. Mattiucci & L. Paggi

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università, Blocco D, I-01100, Viterbo, Italy

    G. Nascetti

  3. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Santa Ursula, R. Fernando Ferrari, 75-P.IV, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22.231-040, Brazil

    C. Portes Santos

  4. Department of Biology, University of Madeira, L.go do Colegio, 9000, Funchal, Portugal

    G. Costa

  5. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos, Rio de Janeiro, 28015-620, Brazil

    A.P. Di Beneditto & R. Ramos

  6. Marine Biology and Ecology Section, Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, 13 Aeolou Street, 1416, Nicosia, Cyprus

    M. Argyrou

  7. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Rome `La Sapienza', Via dei Sardi, 70, I-00185, Rome, Italy

    R. Cianchi & L. Bullini

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  1. S. Mattiucci
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Mattiucci, S., Paggi, L., Nascetti, G. et al. Genetic markers in the study of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860): larval identification and genetic relationships with other species of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Syst Parasitol 51, 159–170 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014554900808

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