Uptake of 15N fertilizer in compost-amended soils

Abstract

Composts are considered low analysis fertilizers because their nitrogen and phosphorus content are around 1% and the organic nitrogen mineralization rate is near 10%. If compost is added to agricultural land at the N requirement of grain crops (40 – 100 kg N ha⁻¹), application rates approach 40–100 mg ha⁻¹. Much lower rates may be advisable to avoid rapid accumulation of growth limiting constituents such as heavy metals found in some composts. Combining low amendment rates of composts with sufficient fertilizer to meet crop requirements is an appealing alternative which (a) utilizes composts at lower rates than those needed to supply all the crop N requirement, (b) reduces the amount of inorganic fertilizer applied to soils, and (c) reduces the accumulation of non-nutrient compost constituents in soils. A study was conducted to compare the effects of blends of biosolids compost (C) with ¹⁵N urea(U) or ¹⁵NH4 ¹⁵NO3 (N) fertilizers to fertilizer alone on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) growth and N uptake. Blends which provided 0, 20, 40 or 60 mg N kg⁻¹ application rate as compost N and 120, 100, 80 or 60 mg N kg⁻¹ as fertilizer N, respectively, were added to Sassafras soil (Typic Hapludults). Fescue was grown on the blends in a growth chamber for 98 days. Fescue yields recorded by clippings taken at 23, 46 and 98 days and roots harvested after the 98-day clipping increased with increasing fertilizer level for both NH₄NO₃ and urea and with or without compost. Nitrogen uptake by fescue responded similarly to yield with increases recorded with increasing fertilizer levels with or without compost. Paired comparisons based on cumulative 98-day clippings data showed that yields from blends were equal to yields from fertilizer treatments containing the same percentage of fertilizer as the blends. These data indicated that compost did not provide sufficient plant-available N to increase yields or N uptake. None of the blends equaled 120 mg N kg⁻¹ fertilizer rate except for 100 mg NH₄NO₃-or urea-N kg⁻¹ −20 mg compost-N kg⁻¹blends. The data suggest that biosolids compost blended with fertilizer at a rate of 2–6 mg ha ⁻¹ did not supply sufficient additional available N to increase yields or N uptake over those of fertilizer alone.