Abstract
The problems of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children were considered. The literature review of the EEG-biocontrol method in treating ADHD in children, including the background, the theoretical basis of the method, and the assessment of its effectiveness, is presented. Specific features of the EEG-biocontrol protocols based on the data of different authors are given. The comparative assessment of the efficacy of EEG-biocontrol and drug treatment with the use of psychostimulants in ADHD is presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Badalyan, L.O., Zavadenko, N.N., and Uspenskaya, T.Yu., Attention Deficit Disorders in Children, Obozrenie Psikhiatr. i Med. Psikhol. im. V.M. Bekhtereva, 1993, no. 3, p. 74.
Schneider, S.C. and Tan, T.G., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders. In Pursuit of Diagnostic Accuracy, Postgraduate Med., 1997, vol. 101 (4), pp. 231, 235.
Shaffer, L.B. and Krug, R.S., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Psychiatry, 1993, vol. 118, p. 151.
Sandler, S., Hyperkinetic or Attention Deficit Disorder, Br. J. Psychiatr., 1996, vol. 169, p. 10.
Cook, E.H., Stein, M.A., Krasowski, M.D., et al., Association of Attention Deficit Disorder and Dopamine Transporter Gene, Am. J. Human Genet., 1995, vol. 56, no. 4, p. 993.
Zavadenko, N.N., Uspenskaya, T.Yu., and Suvorinova, N.Yu., Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children, Zh. Nevropatol. i. Psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova, 1997, no. 1, p. 57.
Malone, M.A., Kerchner, J., and Swanson, J.M., Hemispheric Processing and Methylphenidate Effects in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, J. Child Neurol., 1997, no. 9(2), p. 181.
Satterfield, J.H., EEG Aspects in Children with Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Seminars in Psychiatry, 1973, vol. 5, p. 35.
Zametkin, A.J. and Rapoport, J.L., Noradrenergic Hypothesis of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: A Critical Review, Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress, Metsler, H.V., Ed., New York: Raven, 1987, p. 837.
Lubar, J.F., Discourse on the Development of EEG Diagnostics and Biofeedback Treatment for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1991, vol. 16, p. 201.
Lubar, J.F., Point/Counterpoint: Is EEG Neurofeedback an Effective Treatment for ADHD?, Presentation at the 4th Annu. Meeting of Ch.A.D.D. Conf., Chicago, Illinois, 1992.
Lyubar, D.F., Biocontrol, Attention Deficit, and Hyperactivity (Diagnosis, Clinical Picture, and Efficacy of Treatment), in Bioupravlenie-3: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-3: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1998, p. 142.
Sandberg, S., Hyperkinetic or Attention Deficit Disorder, Br. J. Psychiatr., 1996, vol. 169(1), no. 10, p. 7.
Sherman, D.K., McGue, M.K., and Iacono, W.G., Twin Concordance for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Comparison of Teachers' and Mothers' Reports, Am. J. Psychiatr., 1997, vol. 154 (4), p. 532.
Noble, E., Blum, K., Ritchie, T., et al., Allelic Association of the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene with Receptor-Binding Characteristics in Alcoholism, Arch. Gen. Psychiatr., 1991, vol. 48, p. 648.
McIntosh, D.E., Mulkins, R.S., and Dean, R.S., Utilization of Maternal Perinatal Risks Indicators in the Differential Diagnosis of ADHD and UADD Children, Int. J. Neurosci., 1995, vol. 81(1–2), p. 35.
Castellanos, F.X., Giedd, J.N., Eckburg, P., et al., Quantitative Morphology of the Caudate Nucleus in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Am. J. Psychiatr., 1994, vol. 151 (12), p. 1791.
Castellanos, F.X., Giedd, J.N., March, W.L., et al., Quantitative Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Arch. Gen. Pathol., 1996, vol. 53 (7), p. 607.
Filipek, P.A., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Steingard, R.J., et al., Volumetric MRI Analysis Comparing Subjects Having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Normal Controls, Neurology, 1997, vol. 48 (3), p. 589.
Gorbachevskaya, N.L., Zavadenko, N.N., Yakupova, L.P., et al., Electroencephalographic Study of Child Hyperactivity, Fiziol. Chel., 1996, vol. 22, no. 5, p. 49.
Suffin, S.C. and Emory, W.H., Neurometric Subgroups in Attention and Affective Disorders and Their Association with Pharmacotherapeutic Outcome, Clin. Electroencephalography, 1995, vol. 26 (2), p. 76.
Janzen, T., Graap, K., Stephanson, S., et al., Differences in Baseline EEG Measures for ADD and Normally Achieving Preadolescent Males, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1995, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 65.
Peresleni, L.I. and Rozhkova, L.A., Psychophysiological Mechanisms of Attention Deficit in Different-Age Children with Learning Disabilities, Fiziol. Chel., 1993, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 5.
Lahat, E., Avital, E., Barr, J., et al., BAEP Studies in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit, Develop. Med. & Child Neurol., 1995, vol. 37 (2), p. 119.
Verbaten, M.N., Overtoom, C.C., Koelega, H.S., et al., Methylphenidate Influences on Both Early and Late ERP Waves of ADHD Children in Continuous Performance Test, J. Abnormal Child Psychol., 1994, vol. 22 (5), p. 561.
Winsberg, B.G., Javitt, D.C., Silipo, G.S. and Doneshka, P., Mismatch Negativity in Hyperactive Children: Effects of Methylphenidate, Psychopharmacol. Bull., 1993, vol. 29 (2), p. 229.
Winsberg, B.G., Javitt, D.C., and Silipo, G.S., Electrophysiological Indices of Information Processing in Methylphenidate Responders, Biol. Psychiatr., 1995, vol. 42 (6), p. 444.
Taylor, M.J., Voros, J.G., Logan, W.J., and Malone, M.A., Changes in Event-Related Potentials with Stimulant Medication in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Biol. Psychiatr., 1993, vol. 36 (3), p. 139.
Sunohara, G.A., Voros, J.G., Malone, M.A., and Tailor, M.J., Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Comparison of Event-Related Potentials between Medication Responders and Nonresponders, Int. J. Psychophysiol., 1997, vol. 27 (1), p. 9.
Gnezditskii, V.V., Vyzvannye potentsialy mozga v klinicheskoi praktike (Evoked Brain Potentials in Clinical Practice), Taganrog: TRTU, 1997, p. 252.
Erhardt, D. and Hinshaw, S.P., Initial Sociometric Impressions of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Comparison Boys: Predictions from Social Behaviors and from Nonbehavioral Variables, J. Consulting & Clin. Psychol., 1994, vol. 62 (4), p. 833.
Hellgren, L., Gillberg, I., Bagenholm, A., and Gillberg, S., Children with Deficit in Attention, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP) Almost Grown Up: Psychiatric and Personality Disorders at Age 16 Years, J. Child Psychol. & Psychiatr. & Allied Disciplines, 1994, vol. 35 (7), p. 1255.
Gadow, K.D., Nolan, E., Sprafkin, J., and Sverd, J., School Observations of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Tic Disorder: Effects of Methylphenidate Treatment, J. Develop. & Behav. Pediatr., 1995, vol. 16 (3), p. 167.
Malone, M.A. and Swanson, J.M., Effects of Methylphenidate on Impulsive Responding in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, J. Child Neurol., 1993, vol. 8 (2), p. 157.
Simeon, J.G. and Wiggins, D.M., Pharmacotherapy of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Can. J. Psychiatr., 1993, vol. 38 (6), p. 443.
Ahmann, P.A., Waltonen, S.J., Olson, K.A., et al., Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Ritalin Side Effects, Pediatrics, 1993, vol. 91(6), p. 1101.
Heiligenstein, E., Johnson, H.F., and Nielsen, J.K., Pemoline Effects in College Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Retrospective Study, J. Am. College Health, 1996, vol. 45 (1), p. 35.
Chernigovskaya, N.V., Movsisyants, S.A., and Timofeeva, A.N., Klinicheskoe znachenie adaptivnogo bioupravleniya (Clinical Importance of Adaptive Biocontrol), Leningrad: Meditsina, 1982, p. 128.
Svyatogor, I.A. and Mokhovikova, I.A., Specific Features of Interaction of Biocontrol Variation Factors by Brain Potentials in Patients with Mental Disorders, Ekol. Chel., 1994, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 37.
Tumanyan, S.A. and Kechek, A.G., Korrektsiya zritel'nykh funktsii s ispol'zovaniem priemov funktsional'nogo bioupravleniya (Correction of Visual Functions Using Functional Biocontrol Methods), St. Petersburg, 1996, p. 24.
Shwartz, M., Biofeedback. A Practitioner's Guide, New York: Guilford, 1995, p. 908.
Delgado, J., Mozg i soznanie (Brain and Consciousness), Moscow: Mir, 1971 (Russian translation).
George, F., Mozg kak vychislitel'naya mashina (Brain as a Computer), Moscow: Mir, 1963 (Russian translation).
Olds, J., Hypothalamic Substrates of Rewards, Physiol. Rev., 1962, vol. 42, p. 554.
Shvarts, M.S., Modern Problems of Biocontrol, in Bioupravlenie-3: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-3: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1998, p. 15.
Kamiya, J., Conditional Discrimination of the EEG Alpha Rhythm in Humans, Paper Presented at the Meeting of the Western Psychological Association, San Francisco, 1962.
Wirwicka, W. and Sterman, H.B., Instrumental Conditioning of Sensorimotor Cortex EEG Spindles in the Waking Cat, Physiol. Behav., 1968, vol. 3, p. 703.
Zhukov, V.G., The Use of Brain Bioelectrical Activity for Autostimulation of the Cortical Activity, XX Konf. po problemam vysshei nervnoi deyatel'nosti (XX Conf. on the Problems of Higher Nervous Activity), Moscow, Leningrad, 1963, p. 102.
Sterman, M.B., EEG Biofeedback in the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Overview Circa 1980, Clinical Biofeedback: Efficacy and Mechanisms, White, L. and Tursky, B., Eds., New York: Guilford, 1982.
Abarbanal, A., Gates, States, Rhythms, and Resonances: the Scientific Basis of Neurofeedback Training, J. Neurother., 1995, vol. 1, p. 15.
Shtark, M.B. and Skok, A.B., The Use of Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in Clinical Practice (Literature Review), in Bioupravlenie-3: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-3: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1998, p. 131.
Aivazyan, T.A., Biofeedback in the Treatment of Hypertension: Mechanisms of Action and Predictors of Efficacy, in Bioupravlenie-2: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-2: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1993, p. 105.
Peniston, E.G. and Kulkowsky, P.L., Alpha-Theta Wave Training and Beta-Endorphin Levels in Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1989, p. 13.
Shtark, M.B., Notes on Biocontrol (Today and a Little Tomorrow) in Bioupravlenie-3: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-3: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1998, p. 5.
Linden, M., Habib, Th., and Radojevic, V., A Controlled Study of the Effects of EEG Biofeedback on Cognition and Behavior of Children with Attention Deficit Disorders and Learning Disabilities, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1996, vol. 21(1), p. 35.
Lubar, J.O. and Lubar, J.F., Electroencephalographic Biofeedback of SMR and Beta for Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorders in Clinical Settings, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1984, vol. 9, p. 1.
Othmer, S.F. and Othmer, S., Efficacy and Remediation of Attention Deficits, http: www.eegspectrum. com/tova92/tova92.htm (electronic publication), 1992.
Kaiser, D. and Othmer, S., Efficacy of SMR-Beta Neurofeedback on Attention Processes, http: www.eegspectrum. com/tova97/530tova.htm (electronic publication), 1997.
Tansey, M.A., Ten-Year Stability of EEG Biofeedback Results for a 10-Year-Old Hyperactive Boy Who Failed Fourth Grade in a Class for the Perceptually Impaired, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1993, vol. 18, p. 33.
Rossiter, T.R. and LaVaque, T.J., A Comparison of EEG Biofeedback and Psychostimulants in Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders, J. Neurother., 1995, vol. 3, p. 48.
Bekshaev, S.S., Levina, M.Yu., Yakovlev, N.M., and Vashchillo, E.G., Dynamics of the Electroencephalogram Structure in Patients with Neurosis in the Process of Treatment by the Method of Electroencephalographic Biological Feedback, in Bioupravlenie-3: teoriya i praktika (Biocontrol-3: Theory and Practice), Novosibirsk, 1998, p. 203.
Debelov, V.A., Donskaya, O.G., Iutin, V.S., et al., Biological Feedback on a Computer Game, Optoelectronics, Instrumentation, and Data Processing (Avtometriya), New York., 1996, vol. 6, p. 34.
Lubar J.F., Swartwood, M.O., Swartwood, J.N., and Timmermann, D.I., Quantitative EEG and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in the Evaluation of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Effects of Methylphenidate and Implications for Neurofeedback Training, J. Psychoeducational Assessment, ADHD Special Issue, 1995, p. 143.
Matochik, J.A., Liebenauer, L.L., King, A.C., et al., Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder after Chronic Stimulant Treatment, Am. J. Psychiatr., 1994, vol. 151, p. 658.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kropotov, Y.D., Ponomarev, V.A. & Grin'-Yatsenko, V.A. EEG-Biocontrol Method in Treating the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. Human Physiology 27, 496–504 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010987408687
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010987408687