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Hyperactivity in Children: A Focus on Genetic Research and Psychological Theories

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Abstract

Hyperactivity has attracted a large amount of research interest in recent years. Here we review developments in genetic research and in research testing psychological theories of the condition. Family, adoptee and twin studies indicate a strong role for genetic factors in the etiology of hyperactivity. Evidence is emerging also from molecular genetic studies, implicating specific genes that may be involved. At the level of cognitive functioning, a divided, focused or sustained attention deficit does not seem to be a ‘core’ deficit in hyperactivity. Although children with hyperactivity often perform poorly on certain executive function tasks, there is disagreement about the interpretation of these findings. The association reported in some studies between a slow inhibitory process and hyperactivity may reflect a generally slow, variable in speed and inaccurate pattern of responding. Hypotheses about psychological mechanisms such as state regulation or delay aversion provide alternative, and particularly encouraging, interpretations of the findings. We discuss the possible integration of the two lines of research—those of genetic research and research on psychological mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Behavioural Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, England

    Jonna Kuntsi

  2. Centre for Research into Psychological Development, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England

    Jim Stevenson

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Kuntsi, J., Stevenson, J. Hyperactivity in Children: A Focus on Genetic Research and Psychological Theories. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 3, 1–23 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009580718281

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