Ontogeny of Spectral Transmission in the Eye of the Tropical Damselfish, Dascyllus albisella (Pomacentridae), and Possible Effects on UV Vision

Abstract

The visual ecology of fishes places changing demands on their visual system during development. Study of changes in the eye can suggest possible changes in behavioral ecology. The spectral transmission of the pre-retinal ocular media controls the wavelength of light that reaches the retina and is a simply measured indication of their potential visual capabilities. Dascyllus albisella is a coral reef planktivore known to have UV-sensitive retinal cone cells. UV vision probably aids in detection of zooplankton. As a juvenile it is very closely associated with branching coral heads or, more rarely, sea anemones. As it matures, it ventures farther from its coral, above the reef, and eventually assumes a more vagile life style, moving farther and more frequently afield. Their eyes contain short-wavelength blocking compounds in the lens, cornea and humors. As they age, both the lens and the cornea accumulate blocking compounds that increase the 50% transmission cutoff of the whole eye from ca. 330 nm in 2–3 cm juveniles to ca. 360 nm in the largest adults. The cornea increases its cutoff wavelength faster than the lens and becomes the primary filter in large adults. The cutoff of the aqueous and vitreous humors combined does not change with size. The slope of the transmission cutoff curve increases with the size of the fish. The increased blocking of UV radiation is likely not an adaptation to protect the eye from short-wavelength induced damage. Instead it probably reduces the image degradation effects of short-wavelength light in the largest eyes and still allows sufficient penetration of UV radiation to permit functional UV vision.