Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Adequacy Influences Serum Free Carnitine Level

  • Published:
International Urology and Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective: An evaluation of serum free carnitine level in CAPD patients in relation to dietary intake, nutritional status and CAPD adequacy and duration.

Study design: Food diaries, nutritional (total body mass, lean body mass, serum level of proteins, carnitine, cholesterol) and adequacy (Kt/V, PCR, tCcr, EN) parameters were obtained in 23 CAPD patients.

Results: Normal carnitine level (41.8±6.7 µmol/l) was found in 17 patients being on CAPD through 11.1±9.6 months, whereas in 6 persons treated with CAPD through 9.7±4.1 months carnitine level was 25.4±5.7 µmol/l. Significant differences between low and normal carnitine groups were in tCcr (82.7±16.7 v. 65.9±13.2 l/wk/1.73 m2 BSA), effluent volume (10.9±0.8 v. 9.9±1.5 l/day), effluent glucose concentration (729=167 v. 530±220 mg/dl) and serum globulin level (22.6±6.4 v. 29.3±4.4 g/l). Significant correlation coefficients (for n=23) were found between serum carnitine level and effluent volume (r=−0.509) or plasma globulin level (r=+0.522).

Conclusion: Patients with higher CAPD adequacy show lower serum free carnitine levels and this is related to higher effluent volumes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bahl, J. J., Bressler, R.: The pharmacology of carnitine. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 27, 257 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gilbert, E. F.: Carnitine deficiency. Pathology, 17, 161 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cederblad, G.: Plasma carnitine and blood composition. Clin. Chim. Acta, 67, 207 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  4. DiMauro, S., Scott, C., Penn, A. S., et al.: Serum carnitine. Arch. Neurol., 28, 186 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kahn-Siddique, L., Bamij, M. S.: Plasma carnitine levels in adult males in India: effects of high cereal, low fat diet, fat supplementation, and nutrition status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 1259 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Frohlich, J., Seccombe, D. W., Hahn, P., et al.: Effect of fasting on free and esterified carnitine levels in human serum and urine: correlation with serum levels of free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate. Metabolism, 27, 555 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hoppel, C. L., Genuth, S. M.: Carnitine metabolism in normal-weight and obese human subjects during fasting. Am. J. Physiol., 238, E409 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cederblad, G.: Effect of diet on plasma carnitine levels and urinary carnitine excretion in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 45, 725 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Moorthy, A. V., Rosenblum, M., Rajaram, R., et al.: A comparison of plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis for chronical renal failure. Am. J. Nephrol., 3, 205 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Corsi, M.: Secondary Carnitine Deficiency in Renal Dialysis. Clinical Aspects of Human Carnitine Deficiency. P. Borum, N. Y., Pergamon Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Savica, V., Bellinghieri, G., Di Stefano, C., et al.: Plasma and muscle carnitine levels in haemodialysis patients with morphological-ultrastructural examination of muscle samples. Nephron, 35, 232 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Buoncristiani, U., Carobi, C., Di Paolo, N., et al.: Progression of carnitine depletion in patients on long-term CAPD. Abstr. Perit. Dial. Bull., 4 suppl: S10 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grzegorzewska, A. E., Chmurak, A., Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A.: Nutrition of uremic patients in the course of CAPD treatment. Adv. Perit. Dial., 12, 293 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Grzegorzewska, A. E., Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A., Chmurak, A.: Nutritional intake during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Adv. Perit. Dial., 13, 150 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Watson, P. E., Watson, I. D., Batt, R. D.: Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurement. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 33, 27 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Randerson, D. H., Chapman, G. V., Farrell, P. C.: Amino acid and dietary status in long-term CAPD patients. Peritoneal Dialysis. Ed. Atkins, R. C., Farrell, P. C., Thomson, N., Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone, 171 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brandes, J. C., Pfering, W. F., Beres, J. A.: A method to assess efficacy of CAPD: preliminary results. Adv. Perit. Dial., 6, 192 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Keshaviah, P. R., Nolph, K. D., Prowant, B., et al.: Defining adequacy of CAPD with urea kinetics. Adv. Perit. Dial., 6, 173(1990).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chatzidimitriou, C., Pliakogiannis, T., Evangeliou, A., et al.: Evaluation of carnitine levels according to the peritoneal equilibration test in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit. Dial. Int., 13suppl 2: S444 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chen, S. H., Lincoln, S. D.: Increased serum carnitine concentration in renal insufficiency. Clin. Chem., 23, 278 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Novoa, D.: Carnitine levels and hypertriglyceridemia in undialyzed patients. Nephron, 47, 2 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Król, E., Kunicka, D., Rutkowski, B., et al.: Dynamika zmian poziomów karnitiny u chorych z przewleklą niewydolnością nerek (PNN). Abstr. Diag. Lab., 28,suppl 35 (1992).

  23. Amair, P., Gregoriadis, A., Rodela, H., et al.: Serum carnitine in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Perit. Dial. Bull., 2, 11 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zachwieja, J., Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A., Stefaniak, E., et al.: Nutrition and nutritional status in children treated with CAPD and hemodialysis. Abstr S100a. Przegl. Lek., 55suppl 1, 123 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  25. De Simone, C., Tzantzoglou, S., Famularo, G. et al.: High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 15, 1 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pliakogiannis, T., Chatzidimitriou, C., Evangeliou, A., et al.: Serum carnitine levels, lipid profile, and metabolic status of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Perit. Dial. Int., 13,suppl 2, S440 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    A. E. Grzegorzewska & I. Mariak

  2. Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    A. Dobrowolska-Zachwieja

Authors
  1. A. E. Grzegorzewska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Mariak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Dobrowolska-Zachwieja
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grzegorzewska, A.E., Mariak, I. & Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Adequacy Influences Serum Free Carnitine Level. Int Urol Nephrol 31, 533–540 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007127614765

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007127614765

Keywords

Search

Navigation