Abstract
A protein kinase that phosphorylates histones and polysomal proteins was partially purified from mouse liver cytosol. The active enzyme has a molecular mass of 100 kDa and a phosphorylatable subunit of 54 kDa. Biochemical as well as immunological data suggest that the enzyme is a heterodimer composed of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the RII regulatory subunit. This RC form does not seem to dissociate upon activation with 3′, 5′ cyclic AMP and exhibits identical specificity as the classical cAMP-dependent protein kinase (2.7.1.37). The enzyme is affected by the 3′, 5′ cyclic phosphates of adenosine mainly, but also of guanosine, uridine and cytidine in a substrate-dependent manner. Cyclic nucleotides slightly stimulate phosphate incorporation into histones, while phosphorylation of polysomal proteins in intact polysomes is dramatically increased. The substrate- specific stimulatory effects of 3′, 5′ cyclic nucleotides are due to repression of the inhibition exerted upon the reaction, by negatively charged macromolecules such as RNA, DNA and to a lesser extent heparin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gancedo JM, Mazon MJ, Eraso P: Biological roles of cAMP: Similarities and differences between organisms. Trends Biochem Sci 10: 210–212, 1985
Shabb JB, Corbin JD: Cyclic nucleotide binding domains in proteins having diverse functions. J Biol Chem 267: 5723–5726, 1992
Taylor SS, Buechler JA, Yonemoto W: cAMP-dependent protein kinase: Framework for a diverse family of regulatory enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem 59: 971–1005, 1990
Taylor SS, Knighton DR, Zheng J, Ten Eyck LF, Sowadski JM: Structural framework for the protein kinase family. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8: 429–462, 1992
Taylor SS, Zheng J, Radjio-Andzelm E, Knighton DR, Ten Eyck LF, Sowadski JM, Herberg FW, Yonemoto W: cAMP-dependent protein kinase defines a family of enzymes. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 340: 315–324, 1993
Francis SH, Corbin JD: Structure and function of cyclic nucleotidedependent protein kinases. Annu Rev Physiol 56: 237–272, 1994
Butt E, Geiger R, Jarchau T, Lohmann SM, Walter U: The cGMPdependent protein kinase gene, protein and function. Neurochem Res 18: 27–42, 1993
Rosen OM, Rangel-Aldao R, Erlichman J: Soluble cyclic ANV-dependent protein kinases: Review of the enzyme isolated from bovine cardiac muscle. Curr Top Cell Regul 12: 39–74, 1977
Edelman AM, Blumenthal DK, Krebs EG: Protein serine/threonine kinases. Annu Rev Biochem 56: 567–613, 1987
Gill GN, McCune RW: Guanosine 3': 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Curr Top Cell Regul 15: 1–45, 1979
Lincoln TM: cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Methods Enzymol 99: 62–71, 1983
Taylor SS: Protein kinases: A diverse family of related proteins. Bio Essays 7: 24–29, 1987
Takai Y, Nakaya S, Inoue M, Kishimoto A, Nishiyama K, Yamamura H, Nishizuka Y: Comparison of mode of activation of guanosine 3': 5' monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from silkworm. J Biol Chem 251: 1481–1487, 1976
Gill GN, Walton GM, Sperry PJ: Guanosine 3': 5'-monophosphatedependent protein kinase from bovine lung. Subunit structure and characterization of the purified enzyme. J Biol Chem 252: 6443–6449, 1977
Vardanis A: A unique cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 255: 1481–1487, 1980
Vardanis A: An unusual cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from nematodes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 125: 947–953, 1984
Lin PP-C, Volcani BE: Novel adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinases in a marine diatom. Biochemistry 28: 6624–6631, 1989
Staehelin T, Falvey AK: Isolation of mammalian ribosomal subunits active in polypeptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol 20: 433–446, 1971
Wettstein FD, Staehelin T, Noll H: Ribosomal aggregate engaged in protein synthesis: Characterization of the ergosome. Nature 197: 430–435, 1963
Giannakouros T, Georgatsos JG: A high-yield cell-free system of protein synthesis of mouse liver. Int J Biochem 20: 511–519, 1988
Hardy SJS, Kurland CG, Voynow P, Mora C: The ribosomal proteins of E. coli. I. Purification of the 30S ribosomal proteins. Biochemistry 8: 2897–2905, 1969
Laemmli UK: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680–685, 1970
Harlow E, Lane D: In: Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1988
Garrel G, Delahaye R, Hemmings BA, Counis R: Modulation of regulatory and catalytic subunit levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in anterior pituitary cells in response to direct activation of protein kinases A and C or after GnRH stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 62: 514–522, 1995
Bradford NM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254, 1976
Bearden JC: Quantitation of submicrogram quantities of protein by an improved protein-dye binding assay. Biochim Biophys Acta 533: 525–529, 1978
Karmeshita I, Fujisawa H: A sensitive method for detection of calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activity in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 183: 139–143, 1989
Walsh DA, Glass DB: Utilization of the inhibitor protein of adenosine cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, and peptides derived from it, as tools to study adenosine cyclic monophosphate-mediated cellular processes. Meth Enzymol 201: 304–316, 1991
Jahnsen T, Lohmann SM, Walter U, Hedin L, Richards JS: Purification and characterization of hormone-regulated isoforrns of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rat ovaries. J Biol Chem 260: 15980–15987, 1985
Takio K, Smith SB, Krebs EG, Walsh KA, Titani K: Amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of bovine type II adenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase. Biochemistry 23: 4200–4206, 1984
Rosen OM, Erlichman J: Reversible autophosphorylation of a cyclic 3': 5'-AMP dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. J Biol Chem 250: 7788–7794, 1975
Hoffmann F, Beavo JA, Bechtel PJ, Krebs EG: Comparison of adenosine 3': 5' monophosphate dependent protein kinases from rabbit skeletal and bovine heart muscle. J Biol Chem 250: 7795–7801, 1975
Beebe SJ, Salomonsky P, Jahnsen T, Li Y: The C gamma subunit is a unique isozyme of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 267: 25505–25512, 1992
de Gunzburg J, Part D, Guiso N, Veron M: An unusual adenosine 3', 5' phosphate dependent protein kinase from Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochemistry 23: 3805–3812, 1984
de Gunzburg J, Veron M: A cAMP-dependent protein kinase is present in differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum cells. EMBO J 9: 1063–1068, 1982
Miyamoto E, Petzold GL, Kuo JF, Greengard P: Dissosiation and activation of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate-dependent and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinases by cyclic nucleotides and by substrate proteins. J Biol Chem 248: 179–189, 1973
Feige JJ, Bradley JD, Fryburg K, Farris J, Cousens LC, Barr PJ, Baird A: Differential effects of heparin, fibronectin and laminin on the phosphorylation of basic fibroblast growth factor by protein kinase C and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. J Cell Biol 109: 3105–3114, 1989
Chain D, Korc-Grodzicki B, Kreizman T, Shaltiel S: The phosphorylation of the two-chain form of vitronectin by protein kinase A is heparin dependent. FEBS Lett 269: 221–225, 1990
Haracska L, Udvardy A: Purification and characterization of the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase fron Drosophila Melanogaster. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 22: 851–858, 1992
Pukac LA, Ottlinger ME, Kamovsky MJ: Heparin suppresses specific second messenger pathways for protooncogene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 267: 3707–3711, 1992
Traugh JA, Pendergast AM: Regulation of protein synthesis by phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Prog Nucl Acid Res Mol Biol 33: 195–230, 1986
Palen E, Traugh JA: Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 by cAMP dependent protein kinase and mitogen stimulated S6 kinase differentially alters translation of globin mRNA. J Biol Chem 262: 3518–3523, 1987
Sturgill TW, Wu J: Recent progress in characterization of protein kinase cascades for phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Biochim Biophys Acta 1092: 350–357, 1991
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nikolakaki, E., Fissentzidis, A., Giannakouros, T. et al. Purification and characterization of a dimer form of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase from mouse liver cytosol. Mol Cell Biochem 197, 117–128 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006991216441
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006991216441