Skip to main content
Log in

Entrepreneurial Police and Drug Enforcement Policy

  • Published:
Public Choice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The hypothesis that drug enforcementis relatively high in local jurisdictions where statelaws dictate that police retain seized assets istested in the context of a reduced-form equation ofthe supply and demand for drug enforcement. Theresults are robust across model specifications, someof which directly control for the level of drug use:legislation permitting police to keep seized assetsraises drug arrests as a portion of total arrests byabout 20 percent and drug arrest rates by about 18percent. Police bureaucrats apparently desirediscretionary budget increases, and they haveconsiderable discretion in determining resourceallocation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barnow, B.S., Cain, G.G. and Goldberger, A.S. (1980). Issues in the analysis of selectivity bias. Evaluation Studies Review Annual 5: 43–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, B.L. (1990). The enterprise of law: justice without the state. San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, B.L. (1995). Understanding bureaucratic behavior: Implications from the public choice literature. Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 8: 89–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, B.L., Kim, I. and Rasmussen, D.W. (1998). Deterrence and public policy: Tradeoffs in the allocation of police resources. International Review of Law and Economics 18: 77–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, B.L., Kim, I., Rasmussen, D.W. and Zuehlke, T.W. (1992). Is property crime caused by drug use or drug enforcement policy? Applied Economics 24: 679–692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, B.L., Rasmussen, D.W. and Sollars, D.L. (1995). Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs. Public Choice 83: 21–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, R., Brackman, H. and Lesser, S. (1977). A measure of justice: An empirical study of changes in the California penal code, 1955-1971. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breton, A. and Wintrobe, R. (1975). The equilibrium size of a budget maximizing bureau. Journal of Political Economy 83: 195–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breton, A. and Wintrobe, R. (1982). The logic of bureaucratic control. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaiken, J.M. and Chaiken, M.R. (1990). Drugs and predatory crime. In M. Tonry and J.Q. Wilson (Eds.), Drugs and crime, 203–240. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornwall, C. and Trumbull, W.N. (1994). Estimating the economic model of crime with panel data. Review of Economics and Statistics 76: 360–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • DuMond, J.M., Hirsch, B.T. and Macpherson, D. (1994). Estimate wage differentials: When does cost of living matter? Economic Inquiry (forthcoming).

  • Durbin, J. (1954). Errors in variables. Review of International Statistics Institute 1: 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, M. and Noll, R. (1978). Voters, legislators, and bureaucrats: Institutional design in the public sector. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 68: 256–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, W.H. (1990). Econometric analysis. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haaga, J.G. and Reuter, P. (1990). Limits of the czar's ukase: Drug policy at the local level. Yale Law and Policy Review 8: 36–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausman, J.A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica 46: 1251–1271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, J. (1983). The hardest drug: Heroin and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B., Golub, A. and Fagan, J. (1995). Careers in crack, drug use, drug distribution, and nondrug criminality. Crime and Delinquency 41: 275–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, S.D. (1998). Why do increasing arrest rates appear to reduce crime: Deterrence, incapacitation, or measurement error. Economic Inquiry 36: 353–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, L.W. (1996). A License to steal: The forfeiture of property. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacCoun, R.J., Reuter, P. and Schelling, T. (1996). Assessing alternative drug control regimes. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 15: 330–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, K. and Pastore, A.L. (Eds.). (1996). Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics 1995. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, K.J. (1992). The politics of drug abuse: Laws, implementation, and consequences. Western Political Quarterly 45: 41–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCubbins, M.D., Noll, R.G. and Weingast, B.R. (1987). Administrative procedures as instruments of political control. Journal of Law, Economics &; Organization 3: 243–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCubbins, M.D., Noll, R.G. and Weingast, B.R. (1989). Structure and process, politics and policy: Administrative arrangements and the political control of agencies. Virginia Law Review 75: 431–482.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, R.J. (1987). The market for heroin before and after legalization. In R. Hamoway (Ed.). Dealing with drugs, 289–326. San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miqué, J.-L. and Belanger, G. (1974). Towards a general theory of managerial discretion. Public Choice 17: 27–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miron, J.A. and Zweibel, J. (1995). The economic case against drug prohibition. Journal of Economic Perspectives 9: 175–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Justice (1992). Drug use forecasting: 1991 annual report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Criminal Justice Association (1988a). A guide to controlled substance acts. Washington, D.C.: National Criminal Justice Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Criminal Justice Association (1988b). Asset seizure and forfeiture: Developing and maintaining a state capability. Washington, D.C.: National Criminal Justice Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Criminal Justice Association (1991). A guide to controlled substance acts. Washington, D.C.: National Criminal Justice Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niskanen, W. (1968). The peculiar economics of bureaucracy. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 58: 293–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niskanen, W. (1975). Bureaucrats and politicians. Journal of Law and Economics 18: 617–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nurco, D.N., Hanlon, T.E. and Kinlock, T.W. (1991). Recent research on the relationship between illicit drug use and crime. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 9: 221–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, D.W. and Benson, B.L. (1994). The economic anatomy of a drug war: Criminal justice in the commons. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, D.W., Benson, B.L. and Sollars, D.L. (1993). Spatial competition in illicit drug markets: The consequences of increased drug enforcement. Review of Regional Studies 23:219–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, R. (1977). The insoluble problem of crime. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydell, C.P. and Everingham, S.S. (1994). Modeling the demand for cocaine. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.B. (1993). Prosecution and defense of forfeiture cases. New York: Matthew Bender.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumpf, H.P. (1988). American judicial politics. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subcommittee on Federal Spending, budget, and Accounting of the Senate Committee on Government Affairs. Hearing on Disposition of seized assets and property, 100th Congress, 2nd Session, Hearing 100-904, June 23, 1988.

  • Tullock, G. (1965). The politics of bureaucracy. Washington D.C.: Public Affairs Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weingast, B.R. and Moran, M.J. (1983). Bureaucratic discretion or congressional control? Regulatory policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission. Journal of Political Economy 91: 765–800.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M.D. and Luksetich, W.A. (1983). Heroin: Price elasticity and enforcement strategies. Economic Inquiry 21: 557–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G.H. (1984). The law and politics of police discretion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mast, B.D., Benson, B.L. & Rasmussen, D.W. Entrepreneurial Police and Drug Enforcement Policy. Public Choice 104, 285–308 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005183918319

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005183918319

Keywords

Navigation