Abstract
A long-term soil acidification model (LTSAM) which can describe calcareous and non-calcareous soil responses to acidic deposition is developed based on the conservation of alkalinity and Ulrich buffer ranges. The model which considers nine major ions of armospheric deposition, has focused on certain soil processes (weathering of carbonates, silicates, and aluminum (Al) oxides or hydroxides, cation exchange, anion retention, and CO2 solubility). After comparing the model design and simulation results with the SMART, the paper describes several numerical experiments on the sensitivity of calcareous drab soil in Beijing and red earth (nearly dystric cambisol) in Wenzhou of Zhejiang Province in Southern China to acidic deposition scenarios. The modelling results indicate that increase or decrease in atmospheric deposition of base cations and not only changes in deposition of sulfate (S) and H+ must be considered in assessment of critical loads both for red earth and calcareous drab soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcamo, J., Amann, M., Hettelingh, J. et al.: 1987, Ambio 16, 232.
An Junling: 1996, 'Model Studies on Typical China Soil Responses to the Long-term Acidic Deposition' (in Chinese), Ph. D. dissertation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academia Sinica.
Bloom, P. R. and Grigal, D. F.: 1985, J. Environ. Qual. 14, 489.
China Environmental Science Society (CESS): 1989, Collections on Acid Rain, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, pp. 228–230.
Cosby, B. J. and Hornberger, G. M. et al., 1985a, Water Resources Research 21, 51.
Cosby, B. J. and Wright, R. F. et al.: 1985b, Water Resources Research 21, 1591.
Couto, W., Lathwell, D. J. and Bouldin, D. R.: 1979, Soil Science 127, 108.
Cronan, C. S., Walker, W. J. and Bloom, P. R.: 1986, Nature 324, 140.
De Vries, W. and Breeuwsma, A.: 1987, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 35, 293.
De Vries, W. and Posch, M. et al.: 1989, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 48, 349.
De Vries, W. and Latour, J. B.: 1994a, 'Methods to Derive Critical Loads for Nitrogen for Terrestrial Ecosystems', in M. Hornung, M. A. Sutton and R. B. Wilson (eds.), Mapping and Modelling of Critical Loads for Nitrogen – A Workshop report, Proceedings of the Grange-Over-Sands Workshop, Pctober 24–26, pp. 20–33.
De Vries, W. and Reids, G. J. et al.: 1994b, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 78, 215.
De Vries, W., Kros, J. and van der Salm, C.: 1995, Ecological Modelling 79, 231.
Eary, L. E., Jenne, E. A. and Vail, L. W. et al.: 1989, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18, 29.
Feng Zongwei, Cao, H. F. and Zhou, X. P. et al.: 1995, 'Effects of Acid deposition on the Ecosystems and its Economic Losses', (Research report in Chinese), pp. 1–130.
Ferrier, R. C., De Vries, W. and Warfvinge, P.: 1994, 'Methods to Derive Critical Loads for Nitrogen for Terrestrial Ecosystems', in M. Hornung, M. A. Sutton and R. B. Wilson (eds.), Mapping and Modelling of critical Loads for Nitrogen – A Workshop Report, Proceedings of the Grange-Over-Sands Workshop, October 24–26, pp. 97–110.
Gaines, G. L. and Thomas, H. C.: 1953, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 714.
Galloway, J. N., Zhao Dianwu, Xiong Jiling and Likens, G. E.: 1987, Science 236, 1559.
Gherini, S. A. and Mok, L. et al.: 1985, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 26, 425.
Hedin, L. O., Granat, L. and Likens, G. E. et al.: 1994, Nature 367, 351.
Hornberger, G. M., Cosby, B. J. and Wright, R. F.: 1989, Water Resources Research, 25, 2009.
Johnson, D. W. and Toss, D. E.: 1983, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 792.
Johnson, D. W. and Reuss, J. O.L: 1984, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 305B, 383.
Kauppi. P. et al.: 1986, Ecological Modelling 33, 231.
Levine, E. R. and Ciolkosz: 1988, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52, 209.
Liao Bohan and Dai Zhaohue: 1991, Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (in Chinese), 11, 425.
Lin,Guozhen and Ding Ru: 1988, Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 8, 226.
Mulder, J. and Breemen, N.: 1987a, 'Differences in Aluminum Mobilization in Spodosols in New Hamshire (U.S.A.) and in the Netherlands as a Result of Acid Deposition', in T. C. Hutchinson and K. M. Meema (eds.), Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants of Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 361–376.
Mulder, J. van Grinsven, J. J. M. and van Breemen, N.: 1987b, Soil Sci. Am. J. 51, 1640.
Mulder, J. Van Bremen, M. and Eijck, H. C.: 1989, Nature 337, 247.
Mulder, J. and Stein, A.: 1994, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 85.
Press, W. H. et al.: 1996, Numerical Recipes – The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge U.P.
Reuss, J. O., Christophersen, N. and Seip, H. M.: 1986, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 30, 909.
Seip, H. M. and Andersen, D. O. et al.: 1989, Journal of Hydrology 108, 387.
Seip, H. M., Zhao Dianwu and Xiong Jiling et al.: 1995, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 85, 2301.
Sogn, T. A.: 1994, Ecological Modelling 71, 1.
Stumm, W. and Morgan, J. J.: 1981, Aquatic Chemistry: An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, new York, pp. 159–167.
Tong Yiping and Li Jiyum: 1996, Advances in Environmental Science 4, 74.
Ulrich, B.: 1983, in B. Ulrich and J. Pankrath (eds.), Effects of Accumulation of Air Pollutants in Forest Ecosystems, Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht.
Van Breemen, N., Driscoll, C. T. and Mulder, J.: 1984, Nature 307, 599.
Van Oene, H.: 1992, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 63, 33.
Wang Wenxing et al.: 1993, China Environmental Science 13, 401.
Wright, R. F., Cosby, B. J. and Hornberger, G. M.: 1991, Ambio 20, 22.
Xie ShaoDong and Hao Jimin et al.: 1996, Environmental Science (in Chinese) 17, 80.
Xiong Yi and Li, Q. K.: 1987, China Soils (Second edition), Science Press, Beijing.
Yu Tianren and Chen Zhicheng: 1990, Chemical Processes in Soil Genesis (in Chinese), Science Press, Beijing, pp. 108–132.
Zhao Dianwu and Xiong Jiling et al.: 1988, Atmos. Environ 22, 349.
Zhao Dianwu and Seip, H. M.: 1991, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 60, 83.
Zhao Dianwu, Zhang, X. S. and Xiong, J. L.: 1992, China Environmental Science 12, 93.
Zhou XiuPing, Jiang JingRong et al.: 1988, Environmental Science (in Chinese) 9, 6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
An, J., Huang, M. Long-Term Soil Acidification Model (LTSAM) Development and Application for Analyzing Soil Responses to Acidic Deposition. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 110, 255–272 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005084803350
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005084803350