Abstract
Beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii), Cercospora beticola, and rhizomania, caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae, are the most serious diseases of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). The wild Beta species of section Procumbentes are known to be completely resistant to H. schachtii, C. beticola and P. betae. Alien monosomic additions (2n=19), plants of cultivated beet (2n=18) carrying different individual chromosomes of B. procumbens (2n=18) or B. patellaris (2n=36), were tested in greenhouse experiments for resistance to these pathogens. Gene(s) conferring full resistance to the beet cyst nematode in B. patellaris are located on chromosome 1.1, and the other tested chromosomes of B. patellaris are not involved in the expression of resistance. Artificial inoculation under greenhouse conditions, with in vitro produced inoculum of C. beticola and spot-percentage rating of the disease intensity, showed that the high level of resistance that was observed in the wild species B. procumbens and B. patellaris was not found in any of the monosomic additions tested. It was suggested that genes on various chromosomes of the wild species are needed to express full resistance, and that the chromosomes of group 7 of B. patellaris and chromosome 7 of B. procumbens have the largest effect. The greenhouse tests for resistance to P. betae in B. patellaris derived monosomic additions showed that the addition families of group 4.1 have a strong partial resistance, while the addition families of group 8.1 appeared to be completely resistant to the pathogen. Resistance to P. betae in the two wild species as well as in the two resistant addition types did not exclude infection with BNYVV, but resulted in a considerable reduction of the virus concentration. It was concluded that resistance to the vector would complement virus resistance, and may provide a more effective and durable control of rhizomania.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe, H. & T. Tamada, 1986. Association of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with isolates of Polymyxa betae Keskin. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 52: 235-247.
Abe, H. & T. Ui, 1986. Host range of Polymyxa betae Keskin strains in rhizomania-infested soils of sugar beet fields in Japan. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 52: 394-403.
Alderlieste, M.F.J. & F.A. Van Eeuwijk, 1992. Assessment of concentrations of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Journal of Virological Methods 137: 163-176.
Asher, M.J.C. & K.J. Barr, 1990. The host range of Polymyxa betae and resistance in Beta species. In: Proceedings of the first Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors. Braunschweig. German Phytomedical Society Series Volume 1, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 65-68.
Barr, K.J., M.J.C. Asher & B.G. Lewis, 1995. Resistance to Polymyxa betae in wild Beta species. Plant Pathology 44: 301-307.
Bilgen, T., J.O. Gaskill, R.J. Hecker & D.R. Wood, 1968. Transferring Cercospora leaf spot resistance from Beta maritima to sugarbeet by backcrossing. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 15: 444-449.
Bugbee, W.M., 1995. Cercospora beticola tolerant to triphenyltin hydroxyde. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 32: 167-173.
Byford, W.J., 1996. A survey of foliar diseases of sugar beet and their control in Europe. Proceedings of the 59th IIRB Congress, Brussels, pp. 1-11.
Cai, D., M. Kleine, S. Kifle, H.J. Harloff, N.N. Sandal, K.A. Marcker, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst, E.M.J. Salentijn, W. Lange, W.J. Stiekema, U. Wyss, F.M.W. Grundler & C. Jung, 1997. Positional cloning of a gene for nematode resistance in sugar beet. Science 275: 832-834.
Calpouzos, L. & G.F. Stallknecht, 1966. Phototropism by conidiophores of Cercospora beticola. Phytopathology 56: 702-704.
Carels, N., D. Dekegel, G. VanHeule & P. Lepoivre, 1990. Symptomatological and morphological study of the resistance of wild beet species of the Patellares section to Cercospora beticola Sacc. Phytopathology 130: 317-330.
Dahm, H.H., 1993. Untersuchungen zur Resistenz von Beta-Rüben gegenüber Polymyxa betae, Vektor des beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Dissertation, Universität Hannover, 141 pp.
Doney, D.L. & E.D. Whitney, 1969. Screening sugarbeet for resistance to Heterodera schachtii Schm. Journal of the America Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 15: 546-552.
Fujisawa, I. & T. Sugimito, 1977. Transmission of beet necrotic yellow vein virus by Polymyxa betae. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 43: 583-586.
Fujisawa, I. & T. Sugimito, 1979. The reaction of some beet species of sections Patellares, Corollinae and Vulgares to rhizomania of sugar beet. Proceedings of the Sugar Beet Research Association of Japan 21: 31-38.
Georgopoulos, S.G. & C. Dovas, 1973. A serious outbreak of strains of Cercospora beticola resistant to benzimidazole fungicides in northern Greece. Plant Disease 57: 321-324.
Giannopolitis, C.N., 1978. Occurrence of strains of Cercospora beticola resistant to triphenyltin fungicides in Greece. Phytopathology 13: 205-209.
Hecker, R.J., G.W. Maag & M.G. Payne, 1970. Inheritance of 3-hydroxytyramine in sugarbeet; a phenolic compound associated with Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Journal of the America Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 16: 52-63.
Heijbroek, W., 1977. Partial resistance of sugar beet to beet cyst eelworm (Heterodera schachtii Schm.). Euphytica 26: 257-262.
Heijbroek, W., A.J. Roelands, J.H. De Jong, C. Van Hulst, A.H.L. Schoone & R.G. Munning, 1988. Sugar beets homozygous for resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.), developed from monosomic additions of B. procumbens to B. vulgaris. Euphytica 38: 121-131.
Hijner, J.A., 1952. De gevoeligheid van wilde bieten voor het bietecysteaaltje (Heterodera schachtii). Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Rationele Suikerproductie 21: 1-13.
Ivanović, M., 1985. Acquisition of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus by Polymyxa betae. Proceedings of the 48th IIRB Winter Congress, Brussels, pp. 405-409.
Klinke, A., J. Müller, G. Wricke, 1996. Characterisation of nematode resistance genes in the section Procumbentes genusBeta: response to two populations of Heterodera schachtii. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93: 773-779
Lange, W. & Th.S.M. De Bock, 1994. Pre-breeding for nematode resistance in beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 31: 13-26.
Lange, W., Chr. Jung & W. Heijbroek, 1990. Transfer of beet cyst nematode resistance from Beta species of the section Patellares to cultivated beet. Proceedings of the 53th IIRB Congress, Brussels, pp. 89-102.
Lange, W., J. Müller & Th.S.M. De Bock, 1993. Virulence in the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) versus some alien genes for resistance in beet. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 16: 447-454.
Mesbah, M., Th.S.M. De Bock, J.M. Sandbrink, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst & W. Lange, 1996. Selection of monosomic addition plants in offspring families using repetitive DNA probes in Beta L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92: 891-897.
Mesbah, M., Th.S.M. De Bock, J.M. Sandbrink, R.M. Klein-Lankhorst & W. Lange, 1997. Molecular and morphological characterization of monosomic additions in Beta vulgaris, carrying extra chromosomes of B. procumbens or B. patellaris. Molecular Breeding 3: 147-157.
Miller, P.M., 1955. V-8 juice agar as a general purpose medium for fungi and bacteria. Phytopathology 45: 461-462.
Miller, J., M. Rekoske & A. Quinn, 1994. Genetic resistance, fungicide protection and variety approval policies for controlling yield losses from Cercospora leaf spot infections. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 31: 7-12.
Mutasa, E.S., E. Ward, M.J. Adams, C.R. Collier, D.M. Chwarzczynska & M.J.C. Asher, 1993. A sensitive DNA probe for the detection of Polymyxa betae in sugar beet roots. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 43: 379-390.
Mutasa, E.S., D.M. Chwarszczynska, M.J. Adams, E. Ward & M.J.C. Asher, 1995. Development of PCR for the detection of Polymyxa betae in sugar beet roots and its application in field studies. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 47: 303-313.
Nielsen, K.K., P. Jørgensen & J.D. Mikkelsen, 1994. Antifungal activity of sugar beet chitinase against Cercospora beticola: an autoradiographic study on cell wall degradation. Plant Pathology 43: 979-986.
Paul, H., B. Henken & M.F.J. Alderlieste, 1992a. A greenhouse test for screening sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris) for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 98: 65-75.
Paul, H., B. Henken, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange, 1992b. Resistance to Polymyxa betae in Beta species of the section Procumbentes, in hybrids with B. vulgaris and in monosomic chromosome additions of B. procumbens in B. vulgaris. Plant Breeding 109: 265-273.
Paul, H., B. Henken, O.E. Scholten, Th.S.M. De Bock & W. Lange 1993. Variation in the level of infection with Polymyxa betae and its effect on infection with beet necrotic yellow vein virus in beet accessions of the sections Beta and Corollinae. In: Hiruki, Ch. (Ed), Proceedings of the second Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Visuses with Fungal Vectors, Montreal, Canada, pp. 133-136.
Rossi, V. & P. Battilani, 1989. Assessment of intensity of Cercospora disease on sugarbeet. Phytopathology 124: 63-66.
Rysanek, P., G. Stocky, A.M. Haeberlé & C. Putz, 1992. Immunogold labelling of beet necrotic yellow vein virus particles inside its fungal vector, Polymyxa betae K. Agronomie 12: 651-659.
Savitsky, H., 1975. Hybridization between Beta vulgaris and Beta procumbens and transmission of nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance to sugar beet. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 17: 197-209.
Savitsky, H., 1978. Nematode (Heterodera schachtii) resistance and meiosis in diploid plants from interspecific Beta vulgaris × B. procumbens hybrids. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 20: 177-186.
Schlösser, E., 1969. A review of some mechanisms of resistance of sugar beet to Cercospora beticola. Proceedings of the 32th IIRB Congress, Brussels, pp. 181-189.
Scholten, O.E., H. Paul, D. Peters, J.W.M. Van Lent & R.W. Goldbach, 1994. In situ localisation of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in rootlets of susceptible and resistant beet plants. Archives Virology 136: 349-361.
Shane, W.W. & P.S. Teng, 1992. Impact of Cercospora leaf spot on root weight, sugar yield, and purity of Beta vulgaris. Plant Disease 76: 812-820.
Smith, G.A. & J.O. Gaskill, 1970. Inheritance of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot in sugarbeet. Journal of the America Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 16: 172-180.
Tamada, T., 1975. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus. CMl/AAB Descriptions of plant viruses 144: 4-7.
Tamada, T. & T. Baba, 1973. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus from rhizomania-affected sugar beet in Japan. Annals of the Phytopathology Society of Japan 39: 325-332.
Toxopeus J.H. & H. Lubberts, 1979. Breeding for resistance to the sugar beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) in cruciferous crops. Proceedings of the Eucarpia Cruciferae Conference, Wageningen, The Netherlands, p. 151.
Van Geyt J.P.C., W. Lange, M. Oléo & Th.S.M. De Bock, 1990. Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: a review. Euphytica. 49: 57-76.
Walia, K., 1971. Meiotic prophase in the genus Beta (B. vulgaris 2x and 4x, B. webbiana and B. patellaris). Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung 65: 141-150.
Whitney, E.D., 1989. Identification, distribution and testing for resistance to rhizomania in Beta maritima. Plant Disease 73: 287-290.
Yu, M.H., 1984. Resistance to Heterodera schachtii in Patellares section of the genus Beta. Euphytica 33: 633-640.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mesbah, M., Scholten, O.E., de Bock, T.S. et al. Chromosome localisation of genes for resistance to Heterodera schachtii, Cercospora beticola and Polymyxa betae using sets of Beta procumbens and B. patellaris derived monosomic additions in B. vulgaris. Euphytica 97, 117–127 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003088922086
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003088922086