Abstract
Wind-tunnel experiments were used to investigate the ground deposition of fine airborne particles in an array of idealized tree crowns. The particle ground deposition was modelled with a gaseous tracer instead of solid particles, which is an approach for very fine particles. A chemical method based on the reaction of ammonia and manganese chloride was used to quantify the mass transfer from the simulated atmospheric boundary-layer flow to the surface. Using a tracer gas instead of solid particles can be considered only if turbulent diffusion is the decisive deposition mechanism and effects of sedimentation, impaction, interception or molecular diffusion can be approximately ignored. These constraints are necessary due to scaling problems concerning particle modelling in the small-scale experiment. The intention was to determine the obstacle arrangement density in which the mean ground deposition is maximized for a defined crown form. A deposition amplification factor α was defined as the quotient of deposition efficiencies for an area with tree crowns and an open ground with identical similarity parameters. Based on this calculation an increase of the ground deposition by up to 60% should be realistic through a favourable arrangement of tree crowns and tree number density. An increase in turbulence intensity in the flow leads to a significant amplification of the mean ground deposition.
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Donat, J., Ruck, B. Simulated Ground Deposition Of Fine Airborne Particles In An Array Of Idealized Tree Crowns. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 93, 469–492 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002019623725
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002019623725