Abstract
The location of olfactory and gustatory sense organs in the larvae of the American bollworm, Heliothis armigera, have been studied using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The olfactory chemoreceptors of the larvae are located on the antennae, mostly on the top of the second antennal segment in the form of two trichoid sensilla, two basiconic sensilla, two styloconic sensilla, campaniform sensilla and a uniporous peg sensillum. The third antennal segment bears one basiconic sensillum and two styloconic sensilla. The gustatory sense organs are located on the mouthparts including the labrum, mandibles, hypopharynx, maxillary palps and labium. Trichoid sensilla have been located on the labrum. Epipharyngeal setae as well as long short spines are located in the epipharyngeal membrane. The basal segment of the maxillary palp bears three trichoid sensilla and one campaniform sensilla. The maxillary palp also bears four styloconic sensilla on the distal portion of the lateral protuberance and one styloconic sensillum at the apex of the medial protuberance. Close to the bases of the protuberances, there are three basiconic sensilla and one campaniform sensillum. The third apical segment of the maxillary palp carries three campaniform sensilla on its lateral side, while on its top, eight small basiconic sensilla are distributed.
Résumé
La localisation et l’ultrastructure des organs de sens olfactives et gastatives d’H. armigera ont été étudié á l’áide de microscope éléctronique á transmission et á balayage. Les chemorecepteurs olfactives de la larve sont situés sur l’ántenne, á l éxtrimité de seconde segment antennaire sous forme de deux sensilles basiconiques, deux sensilles styloconiques et sensille campaniforme. Le troisieme segment antennaire contient une sensille basiconique et deux sensilles styloconiques. Les organes de sens gastatives sont localises sur les pièces bucales. Une sensille trichoide est localisée sur le labrum. Un poil epipharyngéale, des epines longs et courts sont localisés sur la membrane epipharyngéale. Le segment basale de la palpe maxillaire contient terais sensilles trichoides et une sensille campaniforme. Le troisième segment apicale de la palpe maxillaire apporte trois sensilles campaniformes situees sur le cote lateral, tandis que l’extrimite apporte huit petites sensilles basiconiques.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antonious A. G. (1983) Mode of action of antifeeding compounds in the larvae of tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. Fabricius. Ph. D. Thesis, submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, February, 1983.
Ave D. A. (1980) On Heliothis Zea. Olfaction and Taste 7, 188.
Beck S. D. (1956) A bimodal response to dietary sugars by an insect. Biol. Bull., Wood’s Hole 110, 219–228.
Chin C. T. (1950) Studies of the physiological relation between larvae of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say and some solanaceous plants. Tijdschr. Plantenziekten 56, 1–88.
De Boer G., Dethier V. G and Schoonhoven L. M. (1977) Chemoreceptors in the preoral cavity of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and their possible function in feeding behaviour. Eni. Exp. Appl. 21, 287–298.
Craig D. D. and Borkent A. (1980) Intra-and interfamilial homologies of maxillary palpal sensilla of larval simu-liidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha). Can. J. Zool., 58, 2264–2279
Dethier, V. G. (1937) Gustation and olfaction in Lepid-opterous larvae. Biol. Bull., Woods, Hole, 72, 7–23.
Dethier, V. G. (1941) The antennae of Lepidopterous larvae. Bull. Museum Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 87, 455–507.
Dethier, V. G. (1963) The Physiology of Insect Sense Menthuen and Co. Ltd., London, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Dethier V. G. (1971) A surfeit of stimuli: A paucity of receptors. Amer. Sci. 59, 706–715.
Dethier V. G. (1973) Electrophysiological studies of gustation in Lepidopterous larvae. II. Taste spectra in relation to food plant discrimination. J. Comp. Physiol. 82, 103–134.
Devitt B. B. and Smith J. J. B. (1982) Morphology and fine structure of mouthpart sensilla in the dark-sided cutworm Euxoa messoria (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 11, 255–270.
Hanson F. F. and Dethier V. G. (1973) Role of gustation and olfaction in food plant discrimination in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. J. Insect. Physiol. 19, 1019–1034.
Hanskell P. P. and Schoonhoven L. M. (1969) The function of certain mouthpart receptors in relation to feeding in Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria migrator o-ioides. Eni. Exp. Appl. 12, 423–440.
Hassanein M. M. and Radwan H. (1962) The morphology and anatomy of the mature larvae of the greasy cut-worm, Agrotis ypsilon Rott. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bull. Soc. Enl. Egypte 46, 385–400.
Horie Y. (1962) Effects of various fractions of mulberry leaves in the feeding of silkworm Bombyx mori L. J. Serie. Sci. Japan 31, 258–264.
Ishikawa S. (1963) Response of maxillary chemoreceptors in the larva of the silkworm Bombyx mori to stimulation by carbohydrates. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 61, 99–107.
Ishikawa S. (1966) Electrical response and function of a bitter substance receptor associated with the maxillary sensilla of the larva of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 67, 1–12
Ishikawa S. and Hirao T. (1964) Studies of olfactory sensation in the larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (II). Chemotaxis of hatched larvae to various plant leaves. J. Serie. Sci. Japan 34, 15–20.
Ishikawa S. and Hirao T. (1965) Studies on olfactory sensation in the larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (III). Attractants and repellents of hatched larvae. Bull. Serie. Expt. Sta. Tokyo 20, 21–36.
Jacobson M. (1966) Chemical insect attractants and repellents. A. Rev. Ent. 11, 403–422.
Khalifa A., Salama H. S., Rizk A. and Sharaby A. (1973a) Role of phagostimulants of cotton leaves in the feeding behaviour of Spodoptera littoralis. J. Insect. Physiol. 19, 1501–1509.
Khalifa A., Salama H. H. and Sharaby A. (1973b) Rearing the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd on a semi-artificial diet. Z. ang. Ent. 73, 129–132.
Luis Valencia and Rice M. J. (1982) Contact chemo-receptors on the ovipositor of the potato moth, Phthori-maea operculella (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Int. J. Insect. Morphol. Embryoi, 11 (2), 121–128.
Nayar J. J. and Fraenkel G. (1962) The chemical basis of host plant selection in the silkworm Bombyx mori (L.). J. Insect. Physiol. 8, 505–525.
Reese C. J. C. and Carlson S. D. (1974) Scanning electron microscopy of final-instar larval mouth parts of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 67, 301–308.
Richard G. G. and Davies R. G. (1977) Imms General Textbook of Entomology, 10th Edition Volume I. Chapman and Hall.
Schoonhoven L. L. and Dethier V. G. (1966) Sensory aspects of host plant discrimination by Lepidopterous larvae. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 16, 497–530.
Sharaby A., Salama H. H. and Aboul-Ela M. (1978) Chemo-reception in the American bollworm, Heliothis armigera (Hbn). Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte 62, 269–273.
Snodgrass R. E. (1935) Principles of Insect Morphology McGraw Hill. Book Co., New York.
Watanabe T. (1958) Substances in mulberry leaves which attract silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori). Nature 182, 325–326.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salama, H.S., Shaarawy, F., Azmy, N. et al. Ultrastructure of Chemoreceptors in the Larvae of the American Bollworm Heliothis armigera. Int J Trop Insect Sci 8, 145–150 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400007141
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758400007141