Abstract
The signal intensity of low-molecular-weight compounds analyzed using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF-MS) was significantly enhanced when oxidized graphitized carbon black (GCB) particles were used as the desorption/ionization surface. The surface of oxidized GCB contains more carboxylic acid groups than non-oxidized GCB. Carboxylic acid groups enhance the efficiency of the ionization process and the desorption of more hydrophobic compounds. A common pharmaceutical compound, propranolol, was successfully extracted from Baltic Sea blue mussels and quantified using oxidized GCB as the SALDI surface, whereas deuterated propranolol was used as the internal standard. The calibration curve showed a wide linear dynamic range of response (0.1–20 µg/mL) and good reproducibility (RSD < 10%). It was not possible to detect propranolol in Baltic Sea blue mussels when non-oxidized GCB was used as the SALDI surface.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhong, G.; Lin, H. A Binary Matrix for Background Suppression in MALDI-MS of Small Molecules. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387, 1939–1944.
Cohen, L. H.; Gusev, A. I. Small Molecule Analysis by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 571–586.
Wei, J.; Buriak, J. M.; Siuzdak, G. Desorption-Ionization Mass Spectrometry on Porous Silicon. Nature 1999, 399, 243–246.
Pepeterson, D. S.; Luo, Q.; Hilder, E. F.; Svec, F.; Frechet, J. M. J. Porous Polymer Monolith for Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 18, 1504–1512.
Kinumi, T.; Saisu, T.; Takayama, M.; Niwa, H. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Using an Inorganic Particle Matrix for Small Molecule Analysis. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 417–422.
Ayorinde, F. O.; Hambright, P.; Porter, T. N.; Keith, Q. L., Jr. Use of meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as a Matrix for Low Molecular Weight Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 2474–2479.
Grant, D. C.; Helleur, R. J. Surfactant-Mediated Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 21, 837–845.
Pan, C.; Xu, S.; Hu, L.; Su, X.; Ou, J.; Zou, H.; Guo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, B. Using Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes as Matrix for Analysis of Small Molecules by MALDI-TOF MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 883–892.
Chen, Y.-C.; Shiea, J.; Sunner, J. Rapid Determination of Trace Nitrophenolic Organics in Water by Combining Solid-Phase Extraction with Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 14, 86–90.
Sunner, J.; Dratz, E.; Chen, Y.-C. Graphite Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Peptides and Proteins from Liquid Solutions. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 4335–4342.
Shariatgorji, M.; Amini, N.; Thorsen, G.; Crescenzi, C.; Ilag, L. L. μ-Trap for the SALDI-MS Screening of Organic Compounds Prior to LC/MS Analysis. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 5515–5523.
Lewis, W. G.; Shen, Z.; Finn, M. G.; Siuzdak, G. Desorption/ionization on Silicon (DIOS) Mass Spectrometry: Background and Applications. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 226, 107–116.
Rawel, H. M.; Rohn, S.; Kroll, J.; Schweigert, F. J. Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorptions Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry Analysis in Complex Food and Biological Systems. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49, 1104–1111.
Choma, J.; Burakiewicz-Mortka, W.; Jaroniec, M.; Li, Z.; Klinik, J. Monitoring Changes in Surface and Structural Properties of Porous Carbons Modified by Different Oxidizing Agents. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1999, 214, 438–446.
Papirer, E.; Dentzer, J.; Li, S.; Doonet, J. B. Surface Groups on Nitric Acid Oxidized Carbon Black Samples Determined by Chemical and Thermodesorption Analyses. Carbon 1991, 29, 69–72.
Rasheed, A.; Howe, J. Y.; Dadmun, M. D.; Britt, P. F. The Efficiency of the Oxidation of Carbon Nanofibers with Various Oxidizing Agents. Carbon 2007, 45, 1072–1080.
Campanella, L.; Di Corcia, A.; Samperi, R.; Gambacorta, A. The Nature of Surface Chemical Heterogeneities of Graphitized Carbon Black. Mater. Chem. 1982, 7, 429–438.
Richardson, S. D. Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 4295–4324.
Halling-Sörensen, B.; Nors Nielsen, S.; Lanzky, P. F.; Ingerslev, F.; Holten Lützhøft, H. C.; Jørgensen, S. E. Occurrence, Fate and Effects of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: A Review. Chemosphere 1998, 36, 357–393.
Löffler, D.; Römbke, J.; Meller, M.; Ternes, T. A. Environmental Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Water/Sediment Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5209–5218.
Diaz-Cruz, M. S.; de Alda, M. J. L.; Barcelo, D. Environmental Behavior and Analysis of Veterinary and Human Drugs in Soils, Sediments and Sludge. Trends Anal. Chem. 2003, 22, 340–351.
Hu, H.; Bhowmik, P.; Zhao, B.; Hamon, M. A.; Itkis, M. E.; Haddon, R. C. Determination of the Acidic Sites of Purified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Acid—Base Titration. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 345, 25–28.
Bayne, B. L. Effects of Stress and Pollution on Marine Animals; Praeger: UK.
Kitaygorodskiy, A.; Wang, W.; Xie, S.-Y.; Lin, Y.; Fernando, K. A. S.; Wang, X.; Qu, L.; Chen, B.; Sun, Y.-P. NMR Detection of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7517–7520.
Pawsey, S.; McCormick, M.; De Paul, S.; Graf, R.; Lee, Y. S.; Reven, L.; Spiess, H. W. 1H Fast MAS NMR Studies of Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Self-Assembled Monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4174–4184.
Harris, R. K.; Jackson, P.; Merwin, L. H.; Say, B. J. Perspectives in High-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, with Emphasis on Combined Rotation and Multiple-Pulse Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 1988, 84, 3649–3672.
Nordström, A.; Apon, J. V.; Uritboonthai, W.; Go, E. P.; Siuzdak, G. Surfactant-Enhanced Desorption/Ionization on Silicon Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 272–278.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Published online February 21, 2009
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amini, N., Shariatgorji, M. & Thorsén, G. SALDI-MS Signal enhancement using oxidized graphitized carbon black nanoparticles. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 20, 1207–1213 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.017
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.017