Abstract
During the first welding process in manufacturing a precise seam container, the steel material must first undergo a full annealing treatment. Multilayer welding Operations are conducted and then applied with refining treatment to obtain the goal by hardening. The influence of thermal refining on mechanical properties of annealed SAE 4130 by multilayer GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) was discussed. The AW (annealing+welding) and AWST (annealing+welding+solution+tempering) occurred with a minimum hardness value at GGHAZ (grain growth heat affected zone) due to coarse grain growth; the hardness occurred with sudden drops between the multilayer welding, but was still !arger than the minimum value at HAZ (heat affected zone). The welded joint efficiency of the A WST was 89.9%, with the elongation reduced to 77.2 % of AST (annealing+solution+tempering). The cross section of the tensile samples both appeared with a uniform dimple-shaped structure, and however the necking for AST was greater than that for AWST. The impact value for AWST was 166.5 % of AST. Moreover, from microstructure observations, it was found that A WST had a greater tendency to ductile failure than AST. These results can be inferred: the process of steady pressure and the initial position of the precision tube breakage HAZ. However, when stress occurs instantly, HAZ can absorb more energy, therefore the initialdarnage does not occur.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Carrison W M. Ultrahigh-Strength Steels for Aerospace Applications [J]. Journal of Materials, 1990, 42(5): 20.
Zwilsky K M. Metal Handbook: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steel, and High-Performance Alloys: Classification and Designation of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels [M]. 10th ed. Ohio: ASM International, 1990.
Tsai M C. Microstructural Evolution of Simulated Heat-Affected Zone in Cr-Mo Alloy Steels and Phase Transformation in an AISI 410 Stainless Steel [D]. Taiwan: National Taiwan University, 2002.
Society of Automotive Engineers. AMS 6370M; Steel Bars, Forging and Rings 0. 95Cr-0. 20Mo (0. 28–0. 33C) (SAE 4130) [S]. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 2006.
Society of Automotive Engineers. AMS2632: Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials, 0. 50 Inch (12. 7 mm) and Under in Cross-Sectional Thickness [S]. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 1995.
Society of Automotive Engineers. AMS2630B: Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials 0. 50 Inch (12. 7 mm) Thick [S]. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 1995.
Lee W S, Su T T. Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of AISI 4340 High-Strength Alloy Steel Under Quenched and Tempered Conditions [J]. J of Materials Processing Technology, 1999, 87(1/2/3): 198.
Olson D L. Metal Handbook: Welding, Brazing, and Soldering: Solid-State Transformations in Weldments [M]. 10th ed. Ohio: ASM International, 1997.
Murugan S, Rai S K, Kumar P V, et al. Temperature Distribution and Residual Stresses Due to Multipass Welding in Type 304 Stainless Steel and Low Carbon Steel Weld Pads [J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2001, 78(4): 307.
Murugan S, Kumar P V, Raj B, et al. Temperature Distribution During Multipass Welding of Plates [J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 1998, 75(12): 891.
Albert S K, Gill T P S, Tyagi A K, et al. Soft Zone Formation in Dissimilar Welds Between Two Cr-Mo Steels [J]. Welding Journal, 1997, 76(3): 135.
Cho J R, Lee B Y, Moon Y H, et al. Investigation of Residual Stress and Post Weld Heat Treatment of Multi-Pass Welds by Finite Element Method and Experiments [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004, 155: 1690.
Huang C C, Pan Y C, Chuang T H. Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatments on the Residual Stress and Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Welded SAE 4130 Steel Plates [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 1997, 6(1): 61.
Society of Automotive Engineers. AMS 6457C: Steel, Welding Wire 0. 95Cr-0. 20Mo (0. 28–0. 33C) Vacuum Melted, Environmental Controlled Packaging SAE 4130 [S]; Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc, 2001.
Krauss G. Solidification, Segregation, and Banding in Alloy Steels [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transaction, 2003, 34B(6): 781.
Saxena A, Prasad S N, Goswami S, et al. Influence of Aus-tempering Parameters on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Medium Carbon-Manganese Steel [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2006, 431A: 53.
Leslie W C. The Physical Metallurgy of Steels [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981.
Barnett M R, Balasubramaniam R, Vinod Kumar, et al. Correlation Between Microstructure and Phosphorus Segregation in a Hypereutectoid Wootz Steel [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2009, 44(9): 2192.
Tau L, Chan S L I. Effects of Ferrite/Pearlite Alignment on the Hydrogen Permeation in a AISI 4130 Steel [J]. Materials Letters, 1996, 29(1/2/3): 143.
Lee WS, Su T T. Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of AISI 4340 High-Strength Alloy Steel Under Quenched and Tempered Conditions [J]. J of Materials Processing Technology, 1999, 87: 198.
Copley S M. Metal Handbook; Heat Treating: Quenching of Steel [M]. 10th ed. Ohio: ASM International, 1991.
Zhou W, Chew K G. Effect of Welding on Impact Toughness of Butt-joints in a Titanium Alloy [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2003, 347A: 180.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation Item: Item Sponsored by National Science Council(NSC 98-2221-E-212-009-MY3); Ministry of Economic Affairs (99-EC-17-A-16-SI-127), Taiwan, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, I.K., Chung, C.L., Lee, Y.T. et al. Effect of Thermal Refining on Mechanical Properties of Annealed SAE 4130 by Multilayer GTAW. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 19, 71–78 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60116-2
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(12)60116-2