Abstract
Despite the high medicinal value of tiopronin, there are substantial adverse effects such as yellow skin, yellow eyes, muscle aches, etc. Therefore, there is a huge necessity to identify tiopronin using advanced sensors in provided samples. Recently, the preference for graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and inorganic nanomaterial-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of pharmaceuticals has been extensively documented due to their plentiful advantages. Therefore, in this work, the cobalt-doped GQDs decorated vanadium pentoxide nanosheet-based fluorescence switch ‘Off–On’ sensor (Co-GQDs@V2O5-NS) was designed for highly sensitive and selective detection of tiopronin. Briefly, the green synthesis of highly fluorescent Co-GQDs was carried out using a hydrothermal method. Meanwhile, the synthesis of V2O5-NS was synthesized using the liquid exfoliation method. The synthesis of Co-GQDs@V2O5-NS was accomplished wherein Co-GQDs adsorbed on the surface of V2O5-NS that offered the quenching of fluorescence of Co-GQDs. Afterward, the addition of tiopronin into the quenched probe disclosed the proportional recovery of fluorescence of Co-GQDs. Here, the addition of tiopronin provides the decomposition of V2O5-NS and conversion into the V4+ that aids in releasing the quenched fluorescence of Co-GQDs. The limit of detection and linearity range for tiopronin was found to be 1.43 ng/mL and 10–700 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, it demonstrated high selectivity, good stability at experimental conditions, and practicality in analyzing tiopronin in spiked sample analysis. Hence, the designed Co-GQDs@V2O5-NS nanosized sensor enables high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, label-free, and eco-friendly tiopronin recognition. In the future, the utility of Co-GQDs@V2O5-NS can open a new door for sensing tiopronin in provided samples.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC) in India for providing the HR-TEM and PXRD facilities. Sopan Nangare wishes to thank the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, for awarding a Research Associate (RA-I) fellowship.
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Nangare, S., Kolte, K., Khan, Z. et al. Design of cobalt-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated vanadium pentoxide nanosheet-based Off–On fluorescent sensor system for tiopronin sensing. ANAL. SCI. 40, 1177–1191 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00548-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-024-00548-0