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Multifaceted Applications of Solid Lipid: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

Lipids originate from plant and animal sources and have significant roles in various fields, like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, paint, leather, agriculture, microfluidics, and oil industries. Over the years, with the development of technology, different types of lipids have been synthesized or extracted and have been used based on their industrial need. Lipids are heterogeneous group of compounds related to fatty acids and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. One category of lipids with great importance is of solid lipids. Solid lipids are a type of lipids that remain solid at ambient temperature. In the past, lipids were obtained from natural sources and they were mainly used as bulking agents or bases for different types of dosage forms. In due course of time, after industrialization, lipids evolved and gained more significance. Solid lipids have their importance in drug targeting and controlled drug delivery as release rate modifiers, solubilizers, stabilizers, and permeation enhancers for improved biopharmaceutical performance of drugs. These are also popular for their diversified applications in various industries as mentioned above. In this review, the authors have selected some of the popular solid lipids like Stearic acid, Compritol®ATO 888, Precirol®ATO 5, Glyceryl Monostearate, Witepsol®, Carnauba wax, Softisan®, Cholesterol, Dynasan®, and Cetyl palmitate and discussed about their properties and industrial applications.

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Abbreviations

AACC:

American Association of Ceral Chemist

BA:

Bioavailability

CLC:

Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin

CR:

Controlled release

DCS:

Differential centrifugal sedimentation

DDAB:

Di-decyl dimethyl ammonium bromide

DP:

Average particle diameter

DTE:

Drug targeting efficiency

DTP:

Direct transport percentage

EE:

Entrapment efficiency

GLP:

Glucagon-like peptide

GO:

Ginger oil

GSE:

Grape seed oil

GWPU:

GMS-modified waterborne polyurethane

HTC:

High-temperature cooling

LBF:

Lipid-based formulations

LDE:

Cholesterol-rich emulsion

MERS-COV:

Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus

MNLC:

Magnetic nanostructured lipid carrier

NE:

Nano-emulsion

NLC:

Nanostructured lipid carrier

PCM:

Phase change material

PDI:

Poly dispersity index

PIT:

Phase inversion temperature

PLGA:

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid

PS:

Particle size

Psi:

Porous silicon

PSO:

Pumpkin seed oil

QESD:

Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion

SLM:

Solid lipid microparticles

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticles

SLPHN:

Solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles

SPF:

Sun protective factor

SPION:

Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

SR:

Sustained release

THC:

Tetrahydrocurcumin

ZP:

Zetapotential

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  1. Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ganjam, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India

    Ch. Niranjan Patra, Kartikesh Sahu, Rakesh Singha, Goutam Kumar Jena, Sruti Jammula & Nihar Ranjan Das

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  1. Ch. Niranjan Patra
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Correspondence to Kartikesh Sahu.

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Patra, C.N., Sahu, K., Singha, R. et al. Multifaceted Applications of Solid Lipid: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedical Materials & Devices (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44174-023-00153-1

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