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Surface-modified WE43 magnesium alloys for reduced degradation and superior biocompatibility

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Abstract

WE43 magnesium alloy was modified using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) and characterized to evaluate the influence of sub-micron surface modification on degradation rate and in vitro behavior. Modified surface was characterized for wettability, hardness, roughness, degradation rate, in vitro biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity as per the ASTM standards. The treated substrates proved to have a significant decrease in the degradation profile by creating micro pockets of oxidation channels and reducing the total delamination in comparison to the conventional heterogeneous oxide layer formed on the untreated substrate surface. Biocompatibility studies showed that this modification did not induce any toxicity to human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells as demonstrated by cell proliferation and enhanced calcium deposition. In fact, results showed that between the 7th day and 14th day of culture, there was an eight time increase in calcium deposition for the surface-treated magnesium alloy. Bacterial adhesion and toxicity studies were carried out using Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial toxicity studies showed that both treated and control samples were toxic to the bacteria with more dead cells. Hence, this treatment has developed a highly potential orthopedic surface with decreased biodegradability rate of WE43 and simultaneously enhanced antibacterial properties with good osteoblast cell growth and calcium deposition for faster in vitro bone growth.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank everyone in the Webster Nanomedicine Lab, specifically Nicole Bassous, Kanny Chang, and Zelong Xie. The authors Geetha Manivasagam and Magesh Sankar would like to thank Sumit Bahl and Srijan Acharya from the Indian Institute of Science for their help with the SMAT equipment.

Funding

This work was supported by Northeastern University and Vellore Institute of Technology.

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Author notes

  1. Vignesh K. Manivasagam

    Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

  2. Magesh Sankar

    Present address: School of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland

  3. Magesh Sankar

    Present address: Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Vignesh K. Manivasagam, Caterina Bartomeu Garcia & Thomas J. Webster

  2. Centre for Biomaterials Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, CBCMT, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

    Magesh Sankar, Jithin Vishnu & Geetha Manivasagam

  3. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    Kaushik Chatterjee & Satyam Suwas

  4. Interstellar Therapeutics, Boston, USA

    Thomas J. Webster

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  1. Vignesh K. Manivasagam
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Correspondence to Geetha Manivasagam.

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Manivasagam, V.K., Sankar, M., Garcia, C.B. et al. Surface-modified WE43 magnesium alloys for reduced degradation and superior biocompatibility. In vitro models 1, 273–288 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44164-022-00016-x

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