1 Introduction

The construction sector offers a significant platform for establishing sleep quality impacts among workers. It requires both physical energy and emotional concentration to perform. Thus, any lapse in sleep quality can disrupt the performance and engagement levels among the individual workers or their respective teams [1]. Construction workers experience the challenges of sleep deprivation, owing to the nature of their workplace and the responsibilities expected of them. This study explores the relevance or impacts of quality sleep on construction workers' performance and engagement levels in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Through the assessment of the research on related subjects, it is evident that the construction sector is briefly explored. There needs to be more in the perspective of construction field management on how leadership can improve performance by targeting the aspects of quality sleep. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the components of sleep science, its relevance, and its significance in enhancing the performances of construction field workers. An ideal literature review reveals the contemporary issues, research gaps, implications and future studies that can be bridged to achieve the core expectations and goals. Achieving the objectives requires critically assessing past scholarly views, including theoretical frameworks and the sleep science that connect the variables.

Thus, this study aims to survey construction workers in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to understand the impact of sleep quality on their performance. Thus, the purpose is to correlate sleep quality to the performances of the construction sector workers in light of whether they experience sleep deprivation or the right quality and the interventions the management can undertake. Specifically, this is an online survey of male construction workers to assess their sleep deprivation situation, which enables policy shift and management approaches towards improving performances. Similar studies have been conducted in the health, education, and related sectors to underscore the significance of ample and quality sleep on the performance of the employees. However, the main research question is: “What are the specific impacts of sleep quality on the performance of construction workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia?” Other questions include:

  1. (i)

    What are the specific activities, addictions, and patterns in your lifestyle or behaviour that contribute to sleep deprivation?

  2. (ii)

    Are you aware of the impacts of quality sleep on your workplace performance? Does quality sleep matter to you at the workplace?

  3. (iii)

    What recommendations can you give management to ensure policy change and a shift in management to address sleep deprivation among employees?

2 Literature review

Correlating sleep deprivation or quality to the performance and output of the workforce has been studied in the past, especially in the health and education sectors. In these areas, the primary motivation has been the performance of healthcare providers and students when subjected to sleep deprivation or inadequate sleep. Thus, a range of literature is available that offers background information on how this research can be contextualised, including the research gaps to be addressed through the execution of this study. Therefore, relevant literature that connects to the variables is researched through suitable databases, libraries, and sites that provide the relevant information, patterns, trends, and contemporaries for achieving the expected outcomes. The expectation is that these studies can help give the correct information, address the gap, and help with discussion regarding the impacts of sleep deprivation on the performance of construction sector workers.

2.1 Sleep deprivation and performances

Sleep deprivation is an expanding problem affecting general workers and construction workers. Sleep deprivation affects a worker's alertness, attention, and other cognitive functions. Nearly 93% of Indians are sleep-deprived, 58% of the people believe that their work is affected due to lack of sleep, and 87% of Indians accept that their health is affected due to lack of sleep. In the survey, the researcher found that 70% of college workers are affected by sleep deprivation, particularly chronic sleep deprivation, which has more negative consequences. However, some studies explored the subject of sleep deprivation in the context of establishing the risk factors or the behavioural patterns that cause it. For instance, sleep deprivation includes alcohol consumption and food intake as a worldwide problem, as evident in the study on college workers [2].

Signs and symptoms of sleep deprivation are often manifested in the workplace. For instance, the imminent results of sleep deprivation are biased feelings of fatigue [3]. There are connections between these symptoms and poor performance, based on the science of sleep, which is explored in many studies. For instance, a comparative analysis of the research findings in [4, 5] shows the similarities in the context of alcohol consumption and how they impact the concentration levels among workers and create sleep deprivation. The two authors appreciate that alcoholism and substance and drug use are indeed risk factors and have the relevant symptoms to ascertain the claims. However, authors in [6] prioritised the behaviours such as taking stimulants to ensure people stay awake.

Sleep quality is directly correlated to the performances and well-being of workers, irrespective of their sectorial affiliations [7]. For instance, studies conducted in China and South Korea established that about 30% and 63% of the construction workers in these countries struggle with sleep quality [7]. Besides, the impacts of these trends on the scope of sleep routines, including the higher chances of workplace injuries and under-performances, are correlated. Work-related juries and possible fatalities are attributed to the poor or inadequate sleep quality that characterises workers in the construction sector. Similarly, construction workers and the relationship between sleep quality and their performances can be connected to their mental, emotional, and behavioural routines. Critical components of such studies demonstrate that construction workers who experience low or poor sleep quality are more likely to experience cognitive behaviour and rational abilities challenges resulting from continued sleep deprivation [8]. These outcomes underline the holistic impacts of sleep quality on performance and the health and wellness of the construction workers, which translate to their commitment and output.

2.2 Theoretical framework

This study is anchored on the significance of ample and quality sleep on workers' performance. Thus, sleep science is a crucial part of the study when exploring the available literature. For instance, Oswald's Restoration Theory of Sleep underlines the significance of getting the right amount of sleep in the workforce. This individual approach is widely applied in various sectors to underline the need for the consciousness of sleep routines and the science and studies that support the assumptions. For instance, Adeyanju explored the relevance of Oswald's theoretical framework in ascertaining students' academic performance [9]. The author used the theory's core tenets and characteristics, including that sleep is crucial for restoring the mind, body, and physical and emotional wellness. Sleep serves as a reset session, hence refreshing and restarting the mind to achieve the expected goals and objectives of learning and performance [9]. Moreover, Himashree et al. [10] correlated sleep and performance to understand the trends and how the workers are impacted [10]. The outcomes included a direct correlation, in which those with sleep deprivation showed little interest, physical synergy, and mental fatigue related to the loss of psychological capital to perform.

Restoration theory underlines the key activities individuals should take in a personal capacity to ensure optimal sleep routines. Oswald's view was that any disruption of the restoration process could have overarching mental and emotional health implications on the workers, impacting their engagement levels and performances [9]. Oswald demonstrated that disruptions to the restoration process when sleeping could have negative implications, including interference with people's ability to sleep, workers becoming more impulsive and emotional in decisions and behaviours, and having a health risk hazard as part of this strategic failure [10]. Oswald's view of sleep forms an integral part of this study as it explores how the disruptions to the restorative roles of sleep can impact the holistic nature of humans and their ultimate performances in the workplace.

2.3 Sleep deprivation and health risks

Poor sleep quality is a risk factor for mental fatigue. Studies have connected these variables to establish how inadequate sleep leads to low daytime job performance [11]. Such studies demonstrate the significance of quality sleep in daytime performances, including alertness, memory, learning, critical thinking, and effectiveness in task execution. A secondary data analysis in [12] demonstrates the factors impacting sleep quality among construction workers and how they generally lead to low performance, commitment, and motivation in their daytime commitments. Other factors explored include occupational injuries, decline in job competencies, and poor intergroup and team dynamics to accomplish tasks. This is because the affected workforce uses specific and personal methods to address the sleepiness they experience. These studies were evident in the findings across Southern India, which demonstrated the severity of inadequate sleep in the construction sector and their implications on the workforce [1]. As mentioned in other studies, quality sleep leads to higher employee self-efficacy, which translates into confidence, commitment, and performance. These factors interrelate to achieve the expected results and outcomes that directly impact the employees' commitment and the possible solutions for the workforce.

Sleep deprivation is a serious health risk factor that cuts across many sectors and areas of wellness. In the context of performances, some of the risk factors that lead to sleep deprivation and the low-quality trends beyond optimal are excessive alcohol and drug intakes, which continue to hurt the concentration and physical and mental abilities of the employees. These elements make it challenging for the workforce to gain the right mindset and physical abilities to complete construction tasks [4]. Besides, the nature of the construction workplace, including associated noise and disturbances from machine operations, can impact mental peace, which leads to sleep deprivation. According to a study on this subject matter among college workers in China, the devastating impacts of the sound environment in the construction fields can deter achieving proper sleep routines [2].

In some studies, sleep deprivation is associated with severe instances of worker frustration, limitations, and absenteeism [13]. These research works significantly impact the understanding of sleep quality and how they align with commitment and performance. Some studies have also explored the impact of overtime work routines on standard sleep patterns. For instance, Parkes' article established the implications of the overtime work model among offshore day workers, including those having sleep disorders that have long-term impacts [14]. The findings demonstrate the challenges in adjusting to the overtime work routines for either day or night-shift employees and how the administrators can address the implications on the employees' performances.

3 Methodology

Researching sleep and its implications in construction field management requires assessing workers' responsiveness to tasks. This research employs an online descriptive survey method to collect data on sleep deprivation or the quality of workers' performance in construction. Previous applications in similar aspects of the sleep domain and the project management or health contexts inform the choice and rationale for this method.

In this context, the online descriptive survey methodology is crucial in correlating sleep patterns and quality to the workers' performance or output in construction projects. This is relevant for project management and human resources to understand how to design training and awareness routines for employees to improve their sleep. In this regard, the construction workers within the city of Jeddah are sampled using stratified random sampling. They participated in this online survey to assess their responses to the correlation between the two variables. These methods are consistent and help assess the correlation based on the behaviour and responses of the construction workers.

3.1 Questionnaire and sample size

The data collected from this survey contains six sections, which the participants fill in. The initial part of the survey gathers basic respondent details such as gender, location, and age to validate the study's credibility. The second part collects demographic data on trends, behaviours, and personal characteristics, including height, weight, and lifestyle habits, aiding in categorising participants for sleep disorder research. The third section examines socio-demographic factors affecting bedtime, including time spent on social media and online activities. The fourth section queries educational background to assess awareness of sleep's impact. The fifth section probes health issues, including insomnia and mental and physical health status. Finally, the sixth section explores respondents' understanding of sleep quality, patterns, and quantity to identify trends.

These are meant to include as much reliable information as possible for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The expectation is that the data collected directly answers the question of the sleep routines and performance of the construction workers at their sites based on the project management analytics and metrics.

3.2 Survey details and participants

The study was conducted in 2023 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A stratified random sampling method was used to ensure that only the eligible participants were selected. This included the construction workers in the identified site, who were male members of this workforce. The rationale for choosing this sampling method is to ensure that only the eligible participants are selected and that the workers are included across age, gender, related variables and stratification elements. A total of 119 male participants working at the identified site were selected. The researcher then distributed the forms through the online platforms. The recruitment process of the participants included approaching their workplace, which included the human resource department for voluntary participation.

Consequently, the willing participants were informed, and their emails were given for the engagement. Despite the progressive and effective engagement with the employers, trust was challenged, especially with the job emails they considered private. However, this was a voluntary participation process, and upon explanation of the reasons for the job email, it was possible to convince the 119 to participate voluntarily.

The data is collected through the survey questionnaires that are administered online to enhance the efficiency of reaching all the participants. Besides, it gives them the flexibility of taking the study within their comfort before sending it back. The collected primary data across the six questionnaire sections are analysed through logistics regression to link sleep deprivation and construction worker performance outcomes. Besides, the socio-economic lines are used as the parameters of sleep that improve their responsiveness and suitability in understanding the outcomes. These methods are justified within the context of online surveys and how they apply to this study that investigates sleep patterns and construction worker performances. Significant themes are identified from the patterns of the responses, including how the mean, median, and regressions are contextualised to make sense of the variables and correlation.

Ethical considerations, including consent, voluntary participation, practical elaboration and explanation of the scope and methodologies of the study, and privacy and confidentiality elements are considered for this study. Moreover, the data collected from the participants were secured, especially as they were stored in the personal computer using unique passwords and access keys. Besides, an assurance of not using the responses for any other purpose rather than the study and deleting the emails after the completion was implemented. The data collection process, including filling and delivering the survey questionnaire, responded to the needs of the ethical considerations, including safety, privacy, and security.

4 Results and findings

4.1 Data analysis

This research aimed to investigate the undulations of construction workers' performance due to sleep deprivation or varying elements of sleep routines. Besides, the study sought the risk factors that impact sleep, especially among construction workers. Consequently, this research collected primary data from the participants, including those aligned to critical variables. Data analysis was carried out on demographic, socio-demographic, and sleep data. The statistical analysis used a statistical package for the social science software. Thus, the study employed SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) based on its effectiveness as a software for social science and strategic statistical analysis methods. Consequently, the choice is based on the convenience of the tool in advancing data management, performing analysis, and improving data visualisation for comparative review.

The statistical analysis enables the identification of the relevant themes that connect the two variables, sleep deprivation and the performance of the construction workers. The statistical analysis began with descriptive analysis. All the regressions were started with demographic data and then gradually added up with socio-demographic data and sleeping problems before exams. The diversity of approaches employed in this study demonstrates the specificity of the subject matter in correlating the study's variables to understand performance and other aspects of construction worker's engagement.

4.2 Descriptive statistics

Table 1 shows the descriptive results of age and time spent on social media. This smoking habit is considered as a baseline for the results. The regression technique is used to identify the link between sleep deprivation and worker performance. The co-relation technique was used before regression analysis to filter the factors, as shown in Fig. 1. The binary logistic regression was carried out in this study to identify the specific relationship between two variables. The descriptive statistics in Table 1 demonstrate the essential aspects, including the respondents' age, behaviour, browsing before sleeping routines, missing the workplace, substances use such as smoking, social media, and stress. The data collected are analysed in the context of statistics, standard error, and related contexts to get the right co-efficient for decision-making routines on sleep and construction workers' performances. These are represented in the statistical components, including the mean, standard deviation, and variance.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the respondents from construction worker
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Fig. 1
figure 1

Relation between food intake and sleep timing

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4.3 Regression analysis results

Table 2 represents the constructed demographic variables. The comparison between sleep factors and workers' performance includes coefficients, standard errors, Wald statistics, and degrees of freedom for the factors filtered in the co-relation technique. Where B = constant, S.E = standard error, W = Wald Statistics, p = Significance (P < 0.05). Table 2 summarises these outcomes to showcase the patterns, findings, and responses in the context of demographic variables applied in the study. These include age, gender, height, weight, smoking, and food intake time. These variables help in understanding the correlation between sleep routines and the performance of employees, especially in areas considered deprived.

Table 2 Demographic variables
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Food intake is numbered in binary logistic regression. Figure 1 represents the relation between food intake and sleep: S1—food intake timing, S2—sleeping time. S1 is coded as [(1) before 8 pm, (2) 8 pm–9 pm, (3) 9 pm–10 pm], and S2 as [(1) 4h–5h, (2) 6h–7h, (3) > 8h]. Table 3 shows that sleep deprivation was associated with worker outcomes. It also demonstrates the sleep deprivation variables, which inform crucial determinants of sleep deprivation as used in the study. However, Fig. 1 showcases the respondents' views on food intake time and sleeping routines. This is relevant in how variables relate to eating habits and their impacts on sleep time.

Table 3 Socio-demographic and sleep problem variables
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5 Discussion

The research findings and the literature review attempt to correlate sleep deprivation to the worker's performance in construction projects. The primary motivation is that this information is crucial for the project managers and construction personnel administrators to inform and influence the workers to adopt healthy sleep patterns. In this regard, the findings demonstrate the consistency with most of the literature reviewed in this study to establish the patterns. For instance, the descriptive statistics in Table 1 indicate the investigated variables to showcase the correlation. Consequently, the participant's age, behaviour, browsing before sleep patterns, missed workplace, smoking, social media, and stress are all responsible for an employee's performance. Generally, those with sleep challenges or deprivation tend to have negative connotations that align with their state of physical, mental, and emotional health. From the results, the study established that improper food intake and social media networking, impact construction workers' performances. These are the risk factors for creating the right environment for understanding sleep routines and their impacts on performance [15]. These results demonstrate the factors that can lead to sleep deprivation among construction workers, with the participants showcasing their implications on sleep quality.

5.1 Risk factors to sleep deprivation among workers

The findings highlight the impacts of issues with mental and emotional health risk factors, including substance use such as smoking, browsing and social media activities, and other patterns. Table 1 indicates the descriptive statistics on the key variables and the coefficient values on the implications of these aspects regarding the standard deviation, variance, and mean for each variable. Ideally, people's sleep challenges emerge from the behavioural patterns mentioned here, which hinder their sleep quality. This result underscores the increased sleep health promotion patterns that most projects and institutions use in their management practices to optimise the performances of their employees [16]. The primary motivation for using these aspects is the high illiteracy of the risk factors that impact quality sleep among the employees. Besides, Oswald's Restoration theory of sleep underscores its significance, informing the project management best practices [17]. The findings in Table 1 showcase statistical coefficients and their values that connect these variables and how the critical tenets of sleep theories can improve awareness and knowledge among construction workers. Similarly, the theoretical frameworks and the necessity for improving the rationale for knowledge and the significance of sleep are embedded here [10].

In the era of social media, online gaming, and other addictive mobile and digital apps, most people spend large chunks of their time engaged actively in these entertaining products. Consequently, most of them play till midnight or beyond, establishing the addictive nature of social media use. Thus, the socio-demographic variables indicate that most participants cited that social media use takes their time for sleeping, resulting in deprivation. These are also indicated in Table 3, showing the impacts of social media use and related activities such as online gaming. These findings are unsurprising in the context of the literature reviewed on the subject. Sleep quality versus the quality of life domains has been studied, and these aspects are evident, including how the higher-education workers respond to these dynamics [18]. Only a tiny segment of the participants (P < 0.05) demonstrates the implications of social media use, mobile phones, and gaming as not impacting their lives and sleep routines. However, the construction human and personnel management team must develop the right educational tools to give the employees the right and necessary awareness of how their social media use at home or work might impact their sleep and restoration phases.

5.2 Behavioural and lifestyle patterns and their implications to sleep deprivation

In the context of binary logistics regression, Fig. 1 demonstrates how eating patterns can lead to sleeping challenges and the eventual performance implications. The primary purpose of this question on diet and eating habits and routines is to establish the correlation, including whether it impacts sleeping time and quality. For instance, the food intake timing can be early or late, which gives varying time to responsiveness and suitability. The correlation in these variables demonstrates that participants could take their food before 8 pm, 8–9 pm, or 9–10 pm, while S2 includes sleeping for 4–5 h, 6–7 h, or more than 8 h. These findings, as evident in Fig. 1, demonstrate that the food intake timing, especially those who take their food late at night, have less sleep and are thus deprived. These aspects are further explored in assessing sleep deprivation in the context of curriculum exam performances and outcomes in Indian society [19]. The results show the implications of eating routines and timing of the workers in the construction sector.

The human resource management practices in the construction sector should devise a mechanism for monitoring the sleep patterns among the workers. This will help create the learning manuals and training guides to eradicate the risk factors, including the sleeping routines and associated outcomes. Specifically, Fig. 1 shows the implications of late eating patterns and engaging in disruptive activities such as social media use. Thus, despite the presence of workers or lack of absenteeism, they still show the aspects of daytime sleepiness, which hurt their engagement, concentration, and participation [20]. Performances are brain-based. Thus, any factor that impedes these aspects can easily ruin the performance of the construction workers in their respective responsibilities. The labour force in the present situation is often submerged in disruptive behaviours, especially the youths, which limits their productivity. This study demonstrates these factors' alignment with long-term sleepiness and implications [21]. The age, gender, and experience are crucial in defining their sleep routines and the understanding of the risk factors that characterise such situations. They are anticipated to have the adaptive mechanisms of ample and quality time that freshens their minds before they report to their respective workplaces.

5.3 Workplace environment as a risk to quality sleep

The nature of the workplace can impact sleep. Typically, operating the machines in construction work and the risk involved can be demanding and exhausting, which subjects the employees to being tired even with the available sleep time. Despite the evident significance of technology in improving workers' performances, there can be impediments. It takes time to learn, while the addictive trends of some apps, including mobile phones, can impact youthful employees. These components lead to sleep disorders and deprivation, while people tend to align with the technological needs and innovations in their areas. These include operating the machines and having safety patterns, which can impact the time found for resting [21]. The expectation is that the construction workers are impacted by the technological exposure that they have, their eating habits and patterns, and substances use such as smoking that directly impact their sleep times and cause deprivation [22].

5.4 Impacts of sleep and interventions by individual employs to overcome sleepiness

The findings show disparities in the appreciation of sleeping risk factors that impact individual work routines. Thus, most people appreciate the presence of such risk factors differently, calling for standardised mechanisms for human resource practitioners in the construction sector to embrace. There are varying degrees of alertness, woke, mood swings, and related manifestations of sleep disorder that different employees experience, which underline the need to use practical solutions. The analytics shown in Table 3 show these differences, showing the need for the stakeholders to have the right metrics and approaches to control the manifestation of sleep disorder in the workers and how it impacts their performances. These indicate the glaring challenges in having a uniform method of appreciating the presence of deprivation as a performance hindrance factor and developing an organisational level or sectorial approach to overcoming the outcomes. Dong and Zhang [23] defines these issues in the context of how each participant had their approaches to appreciating sleep disorders, even when working in the same sector or industry.

6 Conclusion and recommendations

This study primarily investigates the relationship between sleep deprivation and the performance of construction sector workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Utilising a sample of 119 construction workers, the study employs. Participants were surveyed online and divided into five categories to collect comprehensive data regarding their sleep patterns and their impact on work performance. This method aligns with established research standards and policies, ensuring the study's conclusions are robust and reliable. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of sleep quality on the performance of construction workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The main findings from the research indicate a significant correlation between poor sleep quality and decreased job performance among construction workers. The data analysis, particularly through binary logistic regression, highlighted specific lifestyle and behavioural patterns that contribute to sleep deprivation, such as irregular dietary habits, excessive use of social media, and engagement in shift work. These factors not only disrupt sleep patterns but also affect the workers' daily functioning and safety on the job site. The results underscore the critical need for targeted interventions that address these modifiable risk factors to enhance sleep quality among construction workers. The findings confirm a clear correlation between sleep deprivation and reduced performance among construction workers. The study underscores the importance of management strategies that assess and educate workers on optimising sleep routines to enhance overall job performance. Future research should focus on developing and implementing these management strategies effectively.

The research also delves into how personal behaviours, such as excessive engagement with social media and online gaming, can adversely affect sleep patterns. Management often unrecognises these factors, but they significantly affect worker performance. The study's results are significant for the construction sector's human resource management (HRM). They provide insights into how HRM can integrate sleep consciousness into their practices, enhancing worker performance through better sleep habits. Thus, recommendations can be applied to ensure that the study's main aspects and implications are introduced at the construction sector sites to achieve the expected outcomes, come as follows:

  • Improving sleep awareness among employees

    Most employees are victims of their behavioural and lifestyle routines, which subject them to sleeping disorders without their awareness. This lack of appreciation for the significance of sleep is a significant risk factor for their performance, as established in the study's findings. Consequently, management should devise effective mechanisms that create a dedicated learning niche for the employees. This includes training them on the core aspects of sleep awareness and consciousness, enhancing their overall well-being and productivity.

  • Promote personal behaviour changes towards sleep quality

    These elements directly impact the employees' performances, yet it is often considered a private matter whether they sleep late or early. Thus, despite its controversial appeal, this recommendation seeks to identify the individual challenges among the workforce and enforce the behavioural or lifestyle changes that will make them appreciate the outcomes. By addressing these personal habits, the initiative aims to enhance overall sleep quality and improve work performance and health.

  • Implementing regular health and safety audits

    Regular health and safety audits should be conducted to enhance workplace productivity further and ensure the health and safety of construction workers. These audits will help identify potential hazards that could lead to accidents or exacerbate sleep deprivation issues among workers. By systematically assessing the work environment and practices, management can implement necessary changes to mitigate risks. This proactive approach ensures compliance with safety regulations and demonstrates a commitment to worker welfare, which can boost morale and productivity.

  • Development of a comprehensive wellness program

    Another recommendation is developing and implementing a comprehensive wellness program focusing on sleep health. This program should offer resources and support for various aspects of health, including mental health, physical fitness, nutritional advice, and sleep education. Workshops and seminars can be organised to educate workers on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and how it impacts their work performance. Regular health screenings can also help detect any underlying issues affecting sleep, such as sleep apnea or chronic stress. By investing in employees' overall well-being, companies can improve productivity and reduce absenteeism and turnover rates.

6.1 Limitations and recommendations for future research

The study's main limitation is using male-only participants, creating a discriminative framework. A men-only survey gives insights from their perspective in an industry with female workers and administrators. These limitations can adversely affect the study's generalisation and its long-term implications. The reason behind the selection of male workers is that most of the construction in Saudi Arabia are men. This is particularly true for the projects selected for this study. However, future studies should address the roles of HRM in influencing sleep consciousness and awareness through organisational learning to impact performances. This should be a priority area for the construction work administrators to ensure they inform and educate the workers on the various aspects of sleep science and its importance.