Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Circular Economy and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Weeds have always been a serious problem for farmers and especially nowadays given the current challenges related to food security and agriculture sustainability. During the last three decades, the increasing scarcity of labor, energy, and water has led to a switch of the rice establishment method from traditional hand transplanting to direct seeding. While the latter presents some advantages, it also fosters weeds among which weedy rice is considered the worst because it has a strong competitive ability, and as a congeneric of cultivated rice is very difficult to control. There are currently three main weed management strategies in rice: synthetic herbicides, herbicide-resistant rice varieties, and integrated weed management (IWM). However, all these strategies have low effectiveness and sustainability. Even though IWM is strongly recommended, its adoption remains very low owing to its complexity and the additional cost it induces. The use of crop rotation and cover crops is sustainable and consistent with the circularity principles, but this strategy presents the same drawbacks than those associated with IWM. We stress that other strategies used to control or suppress weedy rice are more efficient, sustainable, and consistent with the bioeconomy principles. They encompass the control of the pathways to weediness by ferality as well as the improvement of rice cultivars’ fitness based on allelopathic effects. Other non-chemical weed management strategies, such as the use of bioherbicides, are promising given the current transition towards bioeconomy and circular economy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The author confirms that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

References

  1. COM (2015), Closing the loop - an EU action plan for the Circular Economy COM/2015/0614. Online at https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/com-2015-0614-final accessed on May 15, 2021.

  2. Chen W, Oldfield TL, Katsantonis D, Kadoglidou K, Wood R, Holden NM (2019) The socio-economic impacts of introducing circular economy into Mediterranean rice production. J Clean Prod 218:273–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kadoglidou K, Kalaitzidis A, Stavrakoudis A et al (2019) Compost for rice cultivation developed by rice industrial by-products to serve circular economy. Agronomy 9:553. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Suh J (2014) Theory and reality of integrated rice–duck farming in Asian developing countries: a systematic review and SWOT analysis. Agric Syst 125:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. F.A.O. of the United Nations (2020a), Sustainable rice systems, available online at http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/scpi-home/managing-ecosystems/sustainable-rice-systems/en/ (accessed on January 05, 2020).

  6. F.A.O. of the United Nations (2020b), The Sustainable Rice Landscapes Initiative (SRLI), available online at http://www.fao.org/asiapacific/partners/networks/rice-initiative/fr/ (accessed on January 09, 2020).

  7. Svizzero S (2020) Weedy rice and the sustainability of alternative establishment methods. Int J Sustain Dev 23(1-2):86–102. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2020.112123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Diakosavvas D, Frezal C (2019) Bio-economy and the sustainability of the agriculture and food system: opportunities and policy challenges. In: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 136. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/d0ad045d-en

  9. EU-DGRI (2018), A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe. Strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment: updated bioeconomy strategy. Online at https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/edace3e3-e189-11e8-b690-01aa75ed71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-149755478 accessed on May 15, 2021.

  10. OECD (2019) Chapter 4: Bio-economy policies and practices by country, in Bio-economy and the sustainability of the agriculture and food system: opportunities and policy challenges, COM/TAD/CA/ENV/EPOC(2018)15/FINAL. OECD Publishing, Paris http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=COM/TAD/CA/ENV/EPOC(2018)15/FINAL&docLanguage=En

  11. Neve P, Barney JN, Buckley Y, Cousens RD, Graham S, Jordan NR, Lawton-Rauh A, Liebman M, Mesgaran MB, Schut M, Shaw J, Storkey J, Baraibar B, Baucom RS, Chalak M, Childs DZ, Christensen S, Eizenberg H, Fernández-Quintanilla C, French K, Harsch M, Heijting S, Harrison L, Loddo D, Macel M, Maczey N, Merotto A Jr, Mortensen D, Necajeva J, Peltzer DA, Recasens J, Renton M, Riemens M, Sønderskov M, Williams M (2018) Reviewing research priorities in weed ecology, evolution and management: a horizon scan. Weed Res 58:250–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kraehmer H, Jabran K, Mennan H, Chauhan BS (2016) Global distribution of rice weeds – a review. Crop Prot 80:73–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Chakraborty D, Ladha JK, Rana DS, Jat ML, Gathala MK, Yadav S, Rao AN, Ramesha MS, Raman A (2017) A global analysis of alternative tillage and crop establishment practices for economically and environmentally efficient rice production. Sci Rep 7:9342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Devkota KP, Pasuquin E, Elmido-Mabilangan A, Dikitanan R, Singleton GR, Stuart AM, Vithoonjit D, Vidiyangkura L, Pustika AB, Afriani R, Listyowati CL, Keerthisena RSK, Kieu NT, Malabayabas AJ, Hu R, Pan J, Beebout SEJ (2019) Economic and environmental indicators of sustainable rice cultivation: a comparison across intensive irrigated rice cropping systems in six Asian countries. Ecol Indic 105:199–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Devkota KP, Sudhir-Yadav, Khanda CM, Beebout SJ, Mohapatra BK, Singleton GR, Puskur R (2020) Assessing alternative crop establishment methods with a sustainability lens in rice production systems of Eastern India. J Clean Prod 244:118835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar V, Ladha JK (2011) Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Adv Agron 111:297–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Svizzero S (2021) On the sustainability of direct-seeded rice. In: Keswani C (ed) Agro-based bioeconomy: reintegrating trans-disciplinary research and sustainable development goals, CRC Press, USA, pp 93–108

  18. Delouche JC, Burgos NR, Gealy DR et al (2007) Weedy rices – origin, biology, ecology and control. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 188. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, p 144

  19. Marambe B (2008) Weedy rice: evolution, threats, and management. Trop Agric 157:43–64

    Google Scholar 

  20. Matloob A et al (2015) Weeds of direct-seeded rice in Asia: problems and opportunities. Adv Agron 130:291–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Nadir S, Xiong HB, Zhu Q, Zhang XL, Xu HY, Li J, Dongchen W, Henry D, Guo XQ, Khan S, Suh HS, Lee DS, Chen LJ (2017) Weedy rice in sustainable rice production. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 37(46)

  22. Singh K et al (2013) Weedy rice: an emerging threat for direct-seeded rice production systems in India. J Rice Res 1(1):106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ziska LH, Gealy DR, Burgos N, Caicedo AL, Gressel J, Lawton-Rauh AL, Avila LA, Theisen G, Norsworthy J, Ferrero A, Vidotto F, Johnson DE, Ferreira FG, Marchesan E, Menezes V, Cohn MA, Linscombe S, Carmona L, Tang R, Merotto A Jr (2015) Weedy (Red) Rice: an emerging constraint to global rice production. In: Sparks DL (ed) Advances in Agronomy, vol 129. Academic Press, pp 181–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2014.09.003

  24. Vigueira CC, Olsen KM, Caicedo AL (2013) The red queen in the corn: agricultural weeds as models of rapid adaptive evolution. Heredity 110:303–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rathore M, Singh R, Kumar B, Chauhan BS (2016) Characterization of functional trait diversity among Indian cultivated and weedy rice populations. Sci Rep 6:24176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fogliatto S, Ferrero A, Vidotto F (2020) How can weedy rice stand against abiotic stresses? A review. Agronomy 10:1284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Perotti VE, Larran AS, Palmieri VE, Martinatto AK, Permingeat HR (2020) Herbicide resistant weeds: a call to integrate conventional agricultural practices, molecular biology knowledge and new technologies. Plant Sci 290:110255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kudsk P, Mathiassen S (2020) Pesticide regulation in the European Union and the glyphosate controversy. Weed Sci 68(3):214–222. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. European Commission (2021), Glyphosate, online at https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/glyphosate_en accessed on May 15, 2021.

  30. Jabran K, Chauhan BS (2018) Chapter 1 - Overview and significance of non-chemical weed control, in non-chemical weed control edited by K. Jabran, B.S. Chauhan, 1st edition, Elsevier, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809881-3.00001-2

  31. Stefanski FS et al (2020) Use of biological herbicides in a circular economy context: a sustainable approach. Front Sustain Food Syst 4:521120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Uludag A et al. (2018) Biological weed control, in non-chemical weed control edited by K. Jabran, B.S. Chauhan, 1st edition, Elsevier, Academic Press, London, United Kingdom. pp 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809881-3.00001-2

  33. EIP-AGRI Focus Group (2020) Non-chemical weed management in arable cropping systems. Final report. European Commission Available online at https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/publications/eip-agri-fg-non-chemical-weed-management-report (accessed on February 01, 2021)

  34. Chauhan BS (2013) Management strategies for weedy rice in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, p 16

  35. Sudianto E, Beng-Kah S, Ting-Xiang N, Saldain NE, Scott RC, Burgos NR (2013) Clearfield ® rice: its development, success, and key challenges on a global perspective. Crop Prot 49:40–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Merotto AJR et al (2016) Evolutionary and social consequences of introgression of nontransgenic herbicide resistance from rice to weedy rice in Brazil. Evol Appl 9(7):837–846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mispan MS et al (2019) Managing weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Malaysia: challenges and ways forward. J Res Weed Sci 2:149–167

    Google Scholar 

  38. Avila L, Noldin J, Mariot C et al (2021) Status of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) infestation and management practices in Southern Brazil. Weed Sci 1-35:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Bzour MI et al (2020) Evaluation of the emergence of imidazolinone resistant weedy rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in Malaysia. Appl Ecol Environ Res 18(5):7189–7199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mahmod IF, Saiman MZ, Mohamed Z, Ishak MN, Mispan MS (2021) Morphological variation, distribution and relationship of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Peninsular Malaysia. Weed Biol Manag 21(2):86–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/wbm.12223

  41. Ruzmi R, Ahmad-Hamdani M, Abidin M, & Roma-Burgos N (2021), Evolution of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia: the current status. Weed Science 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.33

  42. Burgos NR, Singh V, Tseng TM, Black H, Young ND, Huang Z, Hyma KE, Gealy DR, Caicedo AL (2014) The impact of herbicide-resistant rice technology on phenotypic diversity and population structure of United States weedy rice. Plant Physiol 166:1208–1220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Engku AK et al (2016) Gene flow from Clearfield® rice to weedy rice under field conditions. Plant Soil Environ 62(01):16–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Serrat X, Esteban, Peñas G, Català MM, Melé E, Messeguer J (2013) Direct and reverse pollen-mediated gene flow between GM rice and red rice weed. AoB Plants 5:plt050. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plt050

  45. Shrivain VK et al (2009) Gene flow from weedy red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to cultivated rice and fitness of hybrids. Pest Manag Sci 65:1124–1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang J, Kang Y, Valverde BE, Dai W, Song X, Qiang S (2018) Feral rice from introgression of weedy rice genes into transgenic herbicide-resistant hybrid-rice progeny. J Exp Bot 69(16):3855–3865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Durand-Morat A, Nalley LL (2019) Economic benefits of controlling red rice: a case study of the United States. Agronomy 9(422)

  48. Gressel J (2002) Preventing, delaying and mitigating gene flow from crops – Rice as an example, in Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on the biosafety of genetically modified organisms, Beijing, China. pp 50–64. Available online at https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.491.591&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Accessed 10 July 2021

  49. Gressel J, Valverde BE (2009) A strategy to provide long-term control of weedy rice while mitigating herbicide resistance transgene flow, and its potential use for other crops with related weeds. Pest Manag Sci 65:723–731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Juraimi AS et al (2013) Sustainable weed management in direct seeded rice culture: a review. Aust J Crop Sci 7(7):989–1002

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ferrero A (2003) Weedy rice, biological features and control. In: Labrada R (ed) Weed Management for Developing Countries. Addendum 1. FAO Available at http://www.fao.org/3/Y5031E/y5031e09.htm#bm9 (Accessed on January 08, 2020)

  52. Mahajan G et al (2014) Integrated weed management in rice. In: Chauhan S, Mahajan G (eds) Recent advances in weed management. New york, Springer, pp 125–154

  53. Shekhawat K, Rathore SS, Chauhan BS (2020) Weed management in dry direct-seeded rice: a review on challenges and opportunities for sustainable rice production. Agronomy 10:1264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. F.A.O. of the United Nations (2006), Recommendations for improved weed management, available online at http://www.fao.org/3/a0884e/a0884e00.htm (accessed on January 08, 2020).

  55. SRP (2015), The Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP). Bangkok. Available online at http://www.sustainablerice.org (accessed on January 06, 2021).

  56. SRP (2020a). The SRP standard for sustainable rice cultivation (Version 2.1), Sustainable Rice Platform. Bangkok. Available at http://www.sustainablerice.org (accessed on January 06, 2021).

  57. SRP (2020b). The SRP performance indicators for sustainable rice cultivation (Version 2.1), Sustainable Rice Platform. Bangkok. Available at http://www.sustainablerice.org (accessed on January 06, 2021).

  58. Hurley T, Frisvold G (2016) Economic barriers to herbicide-resistance management. Weed Sci 64(S1):585–594. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-15-00046.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. He D-C, Ma Y-L, Li Z-Z, Zhong CS, Cheng ZB, Zhan J (2021) Crop rotation enhances agricultural sustainability: from an empirical evaluation of eco-economic benefits in rice production. Agriculture 11:91. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. De Wet JMJ, Harlan JR (1975) Weeds and domesticates: evolution in the man-made habitat. Econ Bot 29:99–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Grimm A, Sahi VP, Amann M, Vidotto F, Fogliatto S, Devos KM, Ferrero A, Nick P (2020) Italian weedy rice – A case of de-domestication? Ecology and Evolution 10(15):8449–8464. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6551

  62. Yao N, Wang Z, Song ZJ, Wang L, Liu YS, Bao Y, Lu BR (2020) Origins of weedy rice revealed by polymorphism of chloroplast DNA-sequences and nuclear microsatellites. J Syst Evol 59:316–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kanapeckas KL, Vigueira CC, Ortiz A, Gettler KA, Burgos NR, Fischer AJ, Lawton-Rauh AL (2016) Escape to ferality: the endoferal origin of weedy rice from crop rice through de-domestication. PLoS One 11(9):e0162676

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Gressel J, Al-Ahmad H (2013) Transgenic mitigation of transgene dispersal by pollen and seed, in plant gene containment, edited by M.J. Oliver and Y. Li, John Wiley & Sons, INC. pp 125–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118352670.ch9

  65. Hills MJ, Hall L, Arnison PG, Good AG (2007) Genetic use restriction technologies (GURTs): strategies to impede transgene movement. Trends Plant Sci 12(4):177–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Eastham K, Sweet J (2002) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): the significance of gene flow through pollen transfer, Environmental Issue Report 28. Copenhagen, European Environmental Agency

  67. Gressel J (2014) Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives. Pest Manag Sci 71:658–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Daniell H (2002) Molecular strategies for gene containment in transgenic crops, Nat. Biotechnol 20(6):581–586

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK (2003) Allelopathic interactions and allelochemicals: new possibilities for sustainable weed management. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22(3-4):239–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Weston LA, Duke SO (2003) Weed and crop allelopathy. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22(3-4):367–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610861

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Andrew IKS, Storkey J, Sparkes DL (2015) A review of the potential for competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management. Weed Res 55:239–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Dimaano NGB, Ali J, Sta. Cruz PC, Baltazar AM, Diaz MGQ, Acero BL Jr, Li Z (2017) Performance of newly developed weed-competitive rice cultivars under lowland and upland weedy conditions. Weed Sci 65:798–817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Gealy DR, Wailes E, Estorninos L, Chavez R (2003) Rice cultivar differences in suppression of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and economics of reduced propanil rates. Weed Sci 51(4):601–609. https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0601:RCDISO]2.0.CO;2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Violle C et al (2007) Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos 116:882–892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Tesio F, Ferrero A (2010) Allelopathy, a chance for sustainable weed management. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 17(5):377–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. MacLaren C, Storkey J, Menegat A, Metcalfe H, Dehnen-Schmutz K (2020) An ecological future for weed science to sustain crop production and the environment. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 40:24

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank an anonymous reviewer for his comments and suggestions. The usual caveat applies.

Code Availability

Not applicable

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculté de Droit et d’Economie, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 9003, 97400, Saint Denis, France

    Serge Svizzero

Authors
  1. Serge Svizzero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Serge Svizzero.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

Not applicable

Consent for Publication

Not applicable

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Svizzero, S. Sustainability, Efficiency, and Circularity of Weedy Rice Management Strategies. Circ.Econ.Sust. 1, 1281–1296 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00087-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00087-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation