Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in identifying neck of femur fracture on a plain radiograph.
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources
PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, IEEE, and the Science direct databases were searched from inception to 30 July 2023.
Eligibility criteria for study selection
Eligible article types were descriptive, analytical, or trial studies published in the English language providing data on the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms in the detection of the neck of the femur (NOF) fracture on plain X-ray.
Main outcome measures
The prespecified primary outcome was to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden index, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. Two teams of reviewers (each consisting of two members) extracted the data from available information in each study. The risk of bias was assessed using a mix of the CLAIM (the Checklist for AI in Medical Imaging) and QUADAS-2 (A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) criteria.
Results
Of the 437 articles retrieved, five were eligible for inclusion, and the pooled sensitivity of AIs in diagnosing the fracture NOF was 85%, with a specificity of 87%. For all studies, the pooled Youden index (YI) was 0.73. The average positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 19.88, whereas the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.17. The random effects model showed an overall odds of 1.16 (0.84–1.61) in the forest plot, comparing the AI system with those of human diagnosis. The overall heterogeneity of the studies was marginal (I2 = 51%). The CLAIM criteria for risk of bias assessment had an overall >70% score.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms can be used as a diagnostic adjunct, benefiting clinicians by taking less time and effort in neck of the femur (NOF) fracture diagnosis.
Study registration
PROSPERO CRD42022375449.
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Raj, M., Ayub, A., Pal, A.K. et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Based Algorithms in Automated Detection of Neck of Femur Fracture on a Plain Radiograph: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOIO 58, 457–469 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-024-01130-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-024-01130-6