Abstract
In the current study, the chemical composition of Baccharis spicata (Lam.) Baill. and B. punctulata DC., Asteraceae, aerial parts’ volatile oils were analysed. A higher proportion of monoterpenes than sesquiterpenes was detected in oils of inflorescence of both species. In contrast, a dominance of sesquiterpene components above the monoterpenes was found in the vegetative organs. β-Pinene, limonene, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were among the most abundant components along with (−)-alismol, only detected in B. punctulata and described for the first time in Baccharis oils. Storage at room temperature produced considerable changes in both oils’ composition, due to chemical transformation of terpenoids. Cytotoxic and trypanocidal activity of B. spicata and B. punctulata inflorescence volatile oils were evaluated. Bioactivity-guided fractionation yielded five active fractions for each species which effectively inhibited Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote growth in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 between 2.15 and 12.49 μg/ml). In order to compare the trypanocidal activity and the cytotoxicity of volatile oils for HepG2/C3A cells, the selectivity index was estimated. All samples showed to be more effective against parasites than human cells, with the selectivity index above 2.0. Among the fractions tested, samples enriched in alismol, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide were the most active and selective against epimastigote forms.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Andres Gauna for his significant technical help.
Funding
This work was supported by funds from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Cientifica y Tecnológica [grant number PICT 2018-0197] and Universidad Nacional de Rosario [grants number 80020180300046UR and 80020190300135UR].
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MDF contributed to the plant material collection, extraction and chemical assays. AF, IN, MSS and GRB participated in the experimental biological assays. ELL and MLM conceived, designed and contributed to the formal analysis of the study. MVR participated in the analyses and interpretation of the data. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ELL and MLM, and all authors commented on this version. All authors have read the final manuscript and approved the submission.
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Supplementary Material
ESM 1
Chemical compositions of VOs, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities, spectroscopic data of alismol (1H and 13C NMR spectra), MS and micrograph of treated and untreated parasite (at epimastigote stage) are available as Supplementary material. (PDF 438 kb)
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Ferretti, M.D., Rodriguez, M.V., Ferretti, A. et al. Antiprotozoal Effect of Baccharis spicata and B. punctulata Volatile Oils and Their Active Components Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 32, 133–138 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00226-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00226-6