Abstract
Salvia circinnata Cav. (Syn. S. amarissima Ortega), Lamiaceae, is a Mexican medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal illness, cancer, and diabetes. Samples of ten natural populations were analyzed by application of a systematic approach which involved the combination of DNA barcoding, GC–MS, HPLC–DAD, and HPLC-FLD for differentiation of their chemical profiles. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that all of them belong to the same analyzed plant species. The GC–MS analysis showed the presence of alkanes, amides, anthraquinones, and sesquiterpenoids in the volatile fraction of the extracts. HPLC–PDA and HPLC-FLD analyses indicated that at least four chemotypes exist for the analyzed species, diverging in the production of clerodane diterpenes: (i) an amarissinin A–rich population; (ii) another single population producer of amarisolide A; (iii) producing populations of teotihuacanin and amarissinin A, (iv) while another population only produced alkanes and sesquiterpenes as distinctive constituents not previously reported for this plant. The multivariate statistical analysis suggests that this chemical diversity depends on environmental factors.
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Acknowledgements
Laura Sepúlveda-Cuellar thanks a doctoral fellowship to CONACYT (559504). The authors thank the technical assistance of M.G. Ortega-Salazar, A.L. Romero-García, and V. Zárate-Chávez. Elihú Bautista, Guillermo Pastor-Palacios, and David Douterlungne thank the Research Fellowships of CONACYT. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers, and to editors Prof. Rogelio Pereda Miranda and Prof. Cid Aimbiré de Moraes Santos for their valuable comments and recommendations to improve the manuscript.
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This study was financed by projects FORDECYT-CIIDZA 296354 and CONACYT CB-A1-S-7705.
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ADO, EB, BYB, JF, EIB, and DD collected the plant material. BYB made the taxonomic determination of populations. LS prepared extracts and conducted GC–MS analysis. ADO and GP extracted DNA from samples and performed the phylogenetic analysis. FC and EB performed HPLC–PDA and the HPLC-FLD analyses. LY, EIB, and DD run the ordination analyses. EB, FC, and JF provided financial support for the study. All the authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript and approved the submission.
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This article is part of a Special Issue to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy
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Sepúlveda-Cuellar, L., Duque-Ortiz, A., Yáñez-Espinosa, L. et al. Phylogenetic and Chemical Analyses of the Medicinal Plant Salvia circinnata: an Approach to Understand Metabolomics Differences. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 31, 676–688 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00168-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-021-00168-z