Abstract
Diseases transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, Culicidae, are a serious public health problem worldwide, especially because of the increasing resistance to synthetic insecticides. Volatile oils are botanicals with interesting multi-target properties, but with reduced applications due to its volatility and water solubility. For this reason, nanoemulsions containing volatile oils are an important alternative for the mosquito control. The volatile oil of leaves Piper alatipetiolatum Yunck., Piperaceae, was characterized mostly by sesquiterpenes, such as ishwarone (78.6%), ishwarol B (8.2%), β-elemene (6.9%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (2.9%), and ishwarane (2.4%). The volatile oil showed lower ovicidal activity (19 to 100%), larvicidal activity (LC50 33.74 ppm), and pupicidal activity (LC50 65.06 ppm) as compared with its nanoemulsion that presented higher ovicidal activity (47.7 to 100%), larvicidal activity (LC50 6.37 ppm), and pupicidal activity (LC50 9.33 ppm) against Ae. aegypti. The volatile oil nanoemulsion was characterized with approximately spherical morphology, with an average size of 316 ± 8 nm, PDI of 0.44 ± 0.01, zeta potential of − 8.5 ± 0.1 mV, and pH of 5.3 ± 0.1. These results indicated that the nanoemulsion containing the encapsulated volatile oil was effective to interrupt the development of immature forms of Ae. aegypti and represents an efficient alternative tool to control this vector, contributing to vector control of dengue and other related diseases.
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Acknowledgments
We wish to thank the Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, the Sample Opening and Chemical Testing Laboratory, the Malaria and Dengue Laboratory, the Electrochemistry and Energy Laboratory, the Laboratory of Nanostructured Polymers Pharmaceutical Technology Innovation and Development Laboratory for all their technical support.
Funding
This project was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – Science and Technology - Amazonia (077/2013, process no. 408172/2013-4); Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation/National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (28/2018, process no. 432533/2018-4); Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation/Science and Technology – Agrobusiness – Amazonia (process no. 403496/2013-6), as well as the scholarship granted by the Amazonas State Research Foundation (018/2015, process no. 062.00549/2019).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. ISCS and RSM contributed to GC-MS analysis. BLP and LAP contributed to atomic force microscopy analysis of nanoemulsion. TPS and JRRA contributed to particle size and zeta potential analysis of nanoemulsion and critical reading of the manuscript. SGA and EAS contributed in the synthesis and stability of the nanoemulsion containing volatile oil and critical reading of the manuscript. AO, RAR, and WPT contributed to the experimental biological studies and analysis of the data. RCSN and SMN contributed for coordinating the chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses of the data and critical reading of the manuscript. All the authors read the final manuscript and approved the submission.
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The females underwent blood feeding from a Mesocricetus auratus hamster in accordance with the method described by (Magalhães et al. 2010) and authorization of the Animal Use Ethics Committee - CEUA (CEUA, approval no. 058/2018).
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de Oliveira, A.C., Sá, I.S.C., Mesquita, R.S. et al. Nanoemulsion Loaded with Volatile Oil from Piper alatipetiolatum as an Alternative Agent in the Control of Aedes aegypti. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 30, 667–677 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00092-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00092-8