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Alluvial sediments in Bol area (Lake Chad Basin): implications for source area-weathering and tectonic settings

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Abstract

This paper discussed the source area-weathering and tectonic settings of alluvial sediments from the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). Four profiles of different levels characterised by variation in colours and textures have been examined. The textural variation was linked to the alternation of wet and dry periods in the LCB. Micro-textural observations by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed sub-rounded to angular particles with collision impact and sometimes adhered particles on their surfaces. This suggested fluvial transport and short periods of aeolian movements. The bulk mineralogy performed with X-TRA Thermo-ARL Diffractometer showed that the clayey and clayey sandy facies are dominated by kaolinite, quartz and illite whilst the sandy samples are made up of quartz, kaolinite, illite, goethite and rutile. The geochemistry of whole samples was assessed by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Amount the major elements, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 have the highest contents, and this is consistent with the mineralogical composition. The sediments are mature and classified as Fe-shale, Fe-sand and (sub)litharenite. Trace elements behaviour suggested a detrital origin, low sediment recycling and oxic depositional environment. The rock sources underwent variable degrees of weathering which revealed once more the impact of climate change prevailing in LCB. The discriminant plots indicated a felsic nature of the original source rocks in a context of passive margin.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews that greatly improved the final manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Elisé Sababa, Ahounta Shan-Bah Loubahndem & Moïse Welba

  2. Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE), University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa

  3. Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Bertoua, P.O. Box 652, Bertoua, Cameroon

    Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa

  4. Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering, National Higher Polytechnic Institute (NAHPI), The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon

    Beyanu Anehumbu Aye

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Elisé Sababa, Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa and Beyanu Anehumbu Aye wrote the main manuscript text, Ahounta Shan-Bah Loubahndem assisted in field work and laboratory analyses, Moïse Welba prepared figures, All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Sababa, E., Ekoa Bessa, A.Z., Aye, B.A. et al. Alluvial sediments in Bol area (Lake Chad Basin): implications for source area-weathering and tectonic settings. J. Sediment. Environ. 8, 563–586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00148-4

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