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Petrography of Badabagh Member sandstone of Jaisalmer Formation (Western Rajasthan, India): implications for provenance and tectonic setting

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Abstract

Petrographic, and petrofacies investigations were performed on thirty-three samples of medium to fine-grained (mostly fine), moderately to well-sorted sandstone from Bathonian Badabagh Member, Jaisalmer Formation, western Rajasthan, India. The grains are sub-angular to sub-rounded in shape, with some well-rounded quartz grains. The framework composition of sandstone consists mostly of monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, low- to high-grade metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments, as well as subordinate feldspar with low plagioclase to total feldspar ratios and accessory minerals. Petrographic investigations reveal that sandstones from the Badabagh Member of the Jaisalmer Formation are dominantly quartz-arenite with a subordinate amount of sub-litharenite to sub-arkose. The sandstones have abundant metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments having the former supersede the latter, which is derived from a continental block, recycled orogen provenance of quartzose lithic terrains under tropical humid climate as indicated by weathering index which signifies the moderate hills to low plains relief. The majority of the quartz in the sandstones is undulatory, indicating provenance with lower and middle-upper rank metamorphic affinity. Corroboration of paleocurrent data along with petrographical and sedimentological studies suggests that the Badabagh Member sandstone was predominantly derived from the rocks of Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) and Malani Igneous Suites, which is located to the south and southeast of the basin.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Chairperson, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for providing necessary facilities in the Department to accomplish the empirical data which was mandatory for the paper.

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  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Taskin Ahmed & Abdullah Khan

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  1. Taskin Ahmed
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  2. Abdullah Khan
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Contributions

T.A. did investigation (field work), petrography of all the data, plotted all the relevant diagram to justify my result, reviewed manuscript. A.K. supervised, interpretation of results, reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Taskin Ahmed.

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Communicated by M. V. Alves Martins

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Ahmed, T., Khan, A. Petrography of Badabagh Member sandstone of Jaisalmer Formation (Western Rajasthan, India): implications for provenance and tectonic setting. J. Sediment. Environ. 8, 525–544 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00147-5

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